The Innocent Man

The Innocent Man is non-fiction examining several particularly unjust criminal convictions in the Oklahoma justice system. But as non-fiction, you will not believe how innocent people can be railroaded onto death row on almost no evidence whatsoever, coerced confessions and unscrupulous prosecutors who want someone's head on a stick without truly looking for the killer. The main target in the book is Ron Williamson, who has a humble beginning as the son of a door to door salesman, then to a career as a professional baseball player, drafted by the Oakland A's.But like many promising baseball players, he bounced around the minor leagues for years before retiring in his mid-20's. . After his short sports career that took him no higher than the minor leagues, Williamson returned home to Oklahoma. He developed a mental illness and a drinking problem and when a young woman in his neighborhood was stabbed to death, poor Ron was the obvious suspect since no one liked him anyway.You might thi nk this all happened in less enlightened times, but it took place in the 1980's. Ron and Dennis Fritz spent years in jail as they exhausted their appeals and finally convinced a federal judge that the conviction was an outrage, based on almost no evidence and the fact that Ron was mentally-ill. The judge overturned the conviction on a Habeas Corpus petition by Ron's lawyers only a few days before his execution. For years, Ron was screaming in his jail cell that he was innocent.The Innocence Project, a New York City organization that works to free the wrongly-convicted, took his case and won his freedom. What happened to Ron Williamson could happen to anyone. The guy he was convicted with was probably sent to jail because he was merely friends with Ron. You could be arrested tomorrow for being in the wrong place at the wrong time. A jury of your â€Å"peers† could convict you on with no evidence simply because the prosecutor told them you committed the crime.We learn that inno cent men are sometimes sent to Death Row. We learn that this innocent man barely escaped execution. There may be many people who still believe that all lawmen are honest, government officials never make mistakes, and innocent men are never put to death. But, I think it is easy to say that there are bad apples in every crowd and yes, even bad people in some of the most respectable positions in the world. The Innocent Man The Innocent Man is non-fiction examining several particularly unjust criminal convictions in the Oklahoma justice system. But as non-fiction, you will not believe how innocent people can be railroaded onto death row on almost no evidence whatsoever, coerced confessions and unscrupulous prosecutors who want someone's head on a stick without truly looking for the killer. The main target in the book is Ron Williamson, who has a humble beginning as the son of a door to door salesman, then to a career as a professional baseball player, drafted by the Oakland A's.But like many promising baseball players, he bounced around the minor leagues for years before retiring in his mid-20's. . After his short sports career that took him no higher than the minor leagues, Williamson returned home to Oklahoma. He developed a mental illness and a drinking problem and when a young woman in his neighborhood was stabbed to death, poor Ron was the obvious suspect since no one liked him anyway.You might thi nk this all happened in less enlightened times, but it took place in the 1980's. Ron and Dennis Fritz spent years in jail as they exhausted their appeals and finally convinced a federal judge that the conviction was an outrage, based on almost no evidence and the fact that Ron was mentally-ill. The judge overturned the conviction on a Habeas Corpus petition by Ron's lawyers only a few days before his execution. For years, Ron was screaming in his jail cell that he was innocent.The Innocence Project, a New York City organization that works to free the wrongly-convicted, took his case and won his freedom. What happened to Ron Williamson could happen to anyone. The guy he was convicted with was probably sent to jail because he was merely friends with Ron. You could be arrested tomorrow for being in the wrong place at the wrong time. A jury of your â€Å"peers† could convict you on with no evidence simply because the prosecutor told them you committed the crime.We learn that inno cent men are sometimes sent to Death Row. We learn that this innocent man barely escaped execution. There may be many people who still believe that all lawmen are honest, government officials never make mistakes, and innocent men are never put to death. But, I think it is easy to say that there are bad apples in every crowd and yes, even bad people in some of the most respectable positions in the world.

Natural Fiber Wide Use Health And Social Care Essay

Natural fibres have been in a broad usage since the development of the human race. Catching up the Eco thrust, applied scientists were looking for eco-friendly options for fictile fibre. In the due class many natural fibres have been tested and some were able to do their base going economically feasible. The present work proposes to fix and prove a Natural Fiber ( Asian Palmyra ) Reinforced Composite ( NFRC ) . The survey is planned in conformity to a 3-Level Factorial Design and find the fluctuation of Tensile Strength ( TS ) , of short and indiscriminately oriented Palmyra NFRC, under control parametric quantities such as alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fiber volume % . The present paper focuses to pattern the influence of procedure variables on TS through Response Surface Methodology. The mathematical theoretical account which is developed to foretell tensile strength is found statistically valid and sound within the scope of the factors. Keywords: A – Discontinuous support, B – Mechanical belongingss, C – Statistical properties/methods, D – Mechanical testing, E – Lay-up ( manual ) .1. Introduction:Natural fibre has been in a broad usage since the development of the human race. They had got broad acceptation in communities for their flexibleness and strength. Recent tendencies in the country of fibre reinforced complexs have drawn a twine in utilizing these natural fibres as their support. The natural fibre imparts lower lastingness and lower strength compared to glaze fibres. However, low specific gravitation consequences in a higher specific strength and stiffness than glass. Natural fibres offer good thermal, dielectric and acoustic insularity belongingss along with easiness in processing technique without have oning of tools. Most of these fibres are produced in developing states like China, India and Brazil etc. In a historical position complexs like straw reinforced walls, bows and chariots made of pasted beds played of import functions in their endurance. Though many of these fibres are limited to their epidemic parts due to high local demand for many old ages, coming of man-made fibres have affected the market of natural fibres. After being entirely used for their electromagnetic belongingss, utilizing complexs to better the structural public presentation of ballistic capsule and aircraft became popular in last two decennaries of the old century. Particularly, increased constrains and future environmental route maps, have been emphasizing automotive industries to diminish their C pes prints. These rigorous steps have become blessing to the lagging natural fibre industries, and thereby making new challenges for research workers in happening beginnings of fibre, fiction techniques and applications of na tural fibres. The easy handiness of natural fibres and fabricating have motivated research workers worldwide late to seek locally available cheap fibres and to analyze their feasibleness of support intents and to what extent they satisfy the needed specifications of good reinforced polymer complexs [ 1 ] . Many surveies proved them to be possible rivals to man-made fibre to some extent. After reexamining the bing literature available on natural fibre complexs, assorted writers had put attempts in planing complexs based on the demands of composite industry. There has been a broad assortment of literature available on natural fibres such aspen, abaca, bagasse, bamboo, banana, coir, day of the month thenar, flax, henequen, isora, jute, silk cotton, deccan hemp, oil thenar, Ananas comosus, ramee, sisal, etc. , [ 2-18 ] . Natural fibre complexs provide comparable specific strength with that of man-made fibre complexs, due the low denseness offered by natural fibres [ 19 ] . There are many parametric quantities which affect the public presentation of a natural fiber-reinforced complex. Chemical alteration improvesA fiberA matrix adhesion, their consequences and effects on the physical belongingss ofA complexs [ 20 ] . Aspect ratio has a considerable consequence on composite belongingss, henc e it is of import to conserve fiber length every bit much as possible during composite processing operations [ 21 ] . Mechanical belongingss of the composite vary with assorted sums of fibre volume ratio. But there have been a really few documents covering with Palmyra fibre, the present fibre of our involvement [ 22 – 24 ] . The Borasseus Flabellifer is a tall and vertical thenar, and can populate 100 old ages or more and make a tallness of 30 m, with a canopy of big, fan-shaped foliages several twelve found distributing 3 metres across [ 25 ] . Each and every portion of the tree is a noteworthy socio-economic value for people in Southern India. The mid-ribs of the foliages and the fibres from their chaffs are used in doing industrial coppices and brooms. The fibre has good opposition to clash and heat, and will defy many chemicals and dissolvers. The denseness of toddy palm ( 0.7 gm/cm3 ) is least among all known natural fibres that are being commercially used in fabricating natural fibre complexs. This is extremely favourable belongings from the position point of light-weightiness. The present complex can happen extended application in non-structural, low-performance utilizations. Hence, the toddy palm fibres are most suited for doing support in green composite stuffs. The present research focuses on the survey and consequence of procedure parametric quantities on the tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented palmyra natural fibre reinforced complexs. The decisions drawn from this is that, a successful combination of procedure parametric quantities consequences in the betterment of mechanical belongingss of the composite. In future, complexs will be manufactured even more harmonizing to an integrated design procedure ensuing in the optimal building harmonizing to parametric quantities such as form, mass, strength, stiffness, lastingness, costs, etc. The developed mathematical theoretical account will be able to demo the influence of a design alteration on each one of these parametric quantities ( here strength ) .2. RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY:Response surface methodological analysis ( RSM ) began with the work of Box and Wilson in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society [ 26 ] . That work was motivated by the demand to run expe riments expeditiously, by a proper pick of design, and to find operating conditions on a set of governable variables that give rise to an optimum response. The cardinal thoughts in the classical RSM are developed utilizing additive multinomial theoretical accounts, chiefly first-degree and second-degree theoretical accounts, with uninterrupted response variables assumed, for the most portion, to be independently and usually distributed with changeless mistake discrepancies. This method has gone through several phases of development that are aimed at doing it more applicable to wider experimental state of affairss [ 27 ] . RSM is a aggregation of mathematical and statistical techniques that are utile for the mold and analysis of jobs in which a response of involvement is influenced by several variables and the aim is to optimise the response [ 28 ] . For, illustration, if the experimenter wishes to happen the degrees of two input variables, x1, x2 which maximize the output [ y ] of the procedure, so the procedure output is stated as: where I µ represents the noise or mistake observed in the response Y. If the expected response is denoted by E [ y ] = f [ x1, x2 ] = I · , so the surface represented by I · = f [ x1, x2 ] is called a response surface. If the individual input variable can be related to the end product variable so it is known as response curve and if the two input variables relate to the end product variable so it is known as response surface [ 28 ] . In common pattern, response surfaces are expressed diagrammatically and visualized through single secret plans, contours and 3D surface graphs.3. SPECIMEN Fabrication:The petioles of Asiatic Palmyra tree were soaked in a H2O retting armored combat vehicle for 45 yearss. After 45 yearss, the fibre can be extracted from the chaffs manually. These long uninterrupted fibres are washed exhaustively in plentifulness of clean H2O to take the excess waste ( fig. 1 ) .3.1 ALKALI TREATMENT:The obtained fibres were divided into three parts of equal weight. Th ese three groups of fibre were treated with 5 % NaOH solution for different clip continuances. The first group is treated for 2 hours, the 2nd for 4 hours and the 3rd for 6 hours. Chemical intervention with NaOH removes wet content from the fibres thereby increasing its strength. The chemical intervention besides clears all the drosss that are bordering the fiber stuff and besides stabilizes the molecular orientation. After alkali intervention, fibres were washed exhaustively in the distilled H2O and were dried for one twenty-four hours at room temperature. Then these long fibres were cut into short fibres of different lengths ( 3mm, 5mm and 7mm ) . The fibres which were treated for 2 hours with NaOH are cut into equal sums of 3mm, 5mm and 7mm fibres severally. Similarly, the fibres which were treated with NaOH for 4 hours and 6 hours were besides cut into short fibres. Therefore nine different samples of fibre were prepared which vary in fibre length and alkali intervention hours.3.2 PREPATION OF COMPOSITES:A rectangular wooden board of 300mm, 300mm was taken and wooden forms of thickness 4mm were fixed on these wooden boards with the aid of nails. These wooden forms were placed so that a infinite of 150mm, 10mm, and 4mm was obtained. After the molds of needed dimensions were prepared, wax was applied to the interior sides of the molds for easy release of the complex without lodging to the mold walls. Then the matrix was prepared by blending the hardener to epoxy. The epoxy and the hardener ratio were maintained at 10:1. To acquire goo d cured and a standard quality specimen, the epoxy and hardener must be assorted swimmingly and easy for about 10 proceedingss. Initial bed of the mold was filled with the epoxy rosin and hardener mixture and so the appropriate measure of fibres was placed such that epoxy mixture wholly spread over the fibres. Again, epoxy mixture was poured on the fibre. Therefore, the starting and stoping of the beds were of epoxy rosin. A fictile releasing house was placed on the top of the uncured mixture. Before using compaction, attempts were made to take all bubbles with roller. Finally, the compaction force per unit area of 0.05 MPa was applied equally and cured for 24 hours at room temperature. In this manner, specimens incorporating different volume fractions of fibre were prepared. These specimens were cured in the hot air oven at 600 C for 2 hours. Specimens incorporating different fibre volume fractions such as 20 % , 30 % , 40 % were prepared and 27 specimens were prepared. Natural Fib er Reinforced Composite ( NFRC ) is considered as the stuff for probe and its material composing is given in Table 4.1. The specimen ( Fig. 2 ) is prepared with the dimensions of 150mm length, 10mm breadth and 4mm thickness harmonizing to ASTM D 3039-76 [ 29 ] is used for experimentation.3.3 MECHANICAL Testing OF FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE:The most basic mechanical trial is the tenseness trial. For most structural stuffs, the tensile belongingss are indispensable elements of the stuff design allowable. The complexs specimens were tested as per ASTM criterions. The tensile testing was done as per ASTM D 3039M with the aid of INSTRON-6025 theoretical account Universal Testing Machine ( Fig. 3 ) at a crosshead velocity of 2mm per minute and consequences were analyzed to cipher the tensile strength of composite samples.4. Plan AN Experiment:Recognition of job and job statement:â€Å" Determine the affect of Alkali Treatment Time, Fiber length & A ; % Fiber volume on the tensile strengt h of Natural Fiber ( short Asian Palmyra ) Reinforced Composite. †Choice of factors, degrees, scopes:Alkali Treatment Time ( A ) , Fiber length ( B ) , Fiber volume % ( C ) ( 3 Levels )Choice of the response variable:Tensile Strength of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite ( T ) .Choice of experimental design:3 flat factorial design.Performing the experiment:Tensile strength on Universal Testing Machine ( UTM ) .Statistical analysis of informations:A, B, C relation to TDecisions and recommendations:Accomplishment of experiment aims.4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED METHODOLOGYThe control factors considered for experiments are alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fibre volume per centum while tensile strength is considered as the end product response. The process of response surface methodological analysis comprises the undermentioned stairss [ 30 ] : Plan a series of experiments for equal and dependable measuring of the response of involvement. Develop an empirical or mathematical theoretical account of the 2nd order response surface with the best adjustments. Find the optimum set of experimental parametric quantities that produce a upper limit or minimal value of response. Represent the direct and the synergistic effects of procedure parametric quantities through two and three dimensional secret plans.4.1.1 Conducting the experimentsThe executable scopes of the procedure control variables considered are listed in Table 4.2. These values correspond to the conditions at which there is maximal consequence on tensile strength as reported by other writers for different natural fibres. The belongingss of Asiatic Palmyra fibre reinforced complexs with different fibre lengths, clip continuances of Alkali intervention and fibre volume per centums under these conditions, the probes are presented in the undermentioned Tables 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5. Sample of tensile trial studies are shown in Fig. 4. The tensile strength of the specimen made of epoxy and hardener is 12.44MPa.4.2 DEVELOPMENT OF EMPIRICAL MODELSThe informations collected from typical experiments refering to end product responses, Tensile Strength from Tables 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5 are used to implement the proposed methodological analysis. The demand in developing the mathematical relationships is to associate the tensile strength to the procedure parametric quantities thereby easing the optimisation of the procedure parametric quantities. Design Expert, 8.0v [ 31 ] , statistical analysis package, is used to calculate the arrested development coefficients of the proposed theoretical accounts. The interaction effects of the procedure parametric quantities and tensile strength are important and hence the 2nd order theoretical accounts are postulated. The multinomial is fitted and the relationships obtained for the end product responses are given below:4.2.1 Adequacy trial:The developed empirical theoretical accounts are tested for their adequateness utilizing the undermentioned trials:4.2.1.1 Analysis of Variance [ ANOVA ] :ANOVA is carried out for the quadratic response surface theoretical accounts. The statistics of ANOVA for Tensile Strength is given in the Table 4.6. In instance of tensile strength, it can be observed from Table 4.6 that the value of â€Å" Probability & gt ; F † for the theoretical account is less than 0.05, which indicates that the theoretical account is important [ 28 ] .4.2.1.2 Multiple arrested development coefficients:To look into whether the fitted theoretical accounts really describe the experimental information, the multiple arrested dev elopment coefficient [ R2 ] is computed. R2 statistic is defined as the ratio of variableness explained by the theoretical account to the entire variableness in the existent experimental informations and is used as a step of goodness of fit [ 28 ] . If R2 attacks to integrity, the better the theoretical account fits the experimental information. In other words, it is the proportion of fluctuation in the dependant variable [ response ] that can be explained by the forecasters [ factor ] in the theoretical account. From Table 4.6, R2 for tensile strength is found to be 0.9276. This shows that the second-order theoretical account can explicate the fluctuation in tensile strength up to the extent of 92.76 % . The adjusted R2 efforts to give a more appropriate value to gauge R2. Adjusted R2 can be computed utilizing the expression 1- [ [ 1- R2 ] * [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] ] , where N is the figure of observations and K is the figure of forecasters [ 28 ] . When N is little and K is big and there will be a much greater difference between R2 and adjusted R2 [ because the ratio of [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] will be much less than 1. By contrast, when the figure of observations is really big compared to the figure of forecasters, the value of R2 and adjusted R2 will be much closer because the ratio of [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] will near 1. From Table 4.6, adjusted R2 for tensile strength is found to be 0.8915. It can be observed that the values of R2 and adjusted R2 are much closer to each other. The developed mathematical theoretical accounts are farther checked for their adequateness utilizing normal chance secret plan of remainders. The diagnostic secret plans are drawn to look into whether the informations are usually distributed and for any premise is violated. Therefore, the normal chance secret plan of remainders for the responses, tensile strength is plotted. Normal chance secret plans are used to measure whether informations come from the normal distribution. The statistical process makes the premise that an implicit in distribution is normal [ 28 ] . Thus normal chance secret plans can supply confidence that the premise is justified, or else supply a warning of jobs with the premise. An analysis of normalcy typically combines normal chance secret plans with hypothesis trials for normalcy. In a normal chance secret plan, if all the information points autumn near the line, an premise of normalcy is sensible. Otherwise, the points will swerve off from the line, and an premise of normalcy is non justified. The normal chance secret plans of the remainders for the end product responses, tensile strength is shown in Fig. 5 and it can be observed that the remainders are located on consecutive line, which means that the mistakes are distributed usually. The 3D surface graphs for tensile strength are shown in Figs. 6 – 8. All have curvilinear profile in conformity to the quadratic theoretical account fitted. Fig. 6 shows the interaction consequence of fibre length and alkali intervention clip on tensile strenth at different degrees of fibre volume per centum. It is clear from the figure that at highest values of fibre length and alkali intervention clip the tensile strenth attains largest value of 27MPa. At high value of alkali intervention clip ( 6Hrs ) and low value of fiber length ( 3mm ) , tensile strength varies from 17-19 MPa. where as at low value of both fiber length and alkali intervention clip the tensile strength is lowest. Fig. 7 depicts the consequence of fibre volume per centum and alkali intervention clip on tensile strength at different degrees of fibre length. As indicated in the secret plan the tensile strength additions with addition in both fiber volume per centum and alkali intervention clip. The highest value of tensile strength of about 27MPa is recorded at high values of fibre volume per centum and alkali intervention clip. Fig. 8 describes the interaction consequence of fibre volume per centum and fiber length on tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented Palmyra fiber composite at different degrees of base intervention clip. As the fibre volume per centum additions from 20 – 40 % and fibre length increasing from 7 – 3mm so tensile strength additions from 13 – 27 MPa. The combined consequence of fibre length and fibre volume per centum increases the tensile strength of composite. It can be said that the empirical theoretical accounts developed were moderately accurate, for Tensile strength.5 DecisionThe proposed work is on the survey and consequence of procedure parametric quantities on the tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented toddy palm fibre reinforced complexs. The experimental probe on mechanical behavior of palmyra fibre reinforced complexs leads to the undermentioned decisions: Tensile strength ( TS ) , of the toddy palm fibre reinforced compos ite stuff is greatly influenced by alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fibre volume fraction. The quadratic theoretical account developed by RSM can be used to foretell the tensile strength of the toddy palm fibre reinforced composite stuff at 93 % assurance degree. But the cogency of the theoretical account is limited to the scope of parametric quantities considered for the probe. The truth of the developed theoretical account can be improved by including more figure of parametric quantities and degrees. Further, mathematical theoretical accounts can be developed by taking multiple responses, with different scopes of procedure variables and the composite design can be optimized based on the demand of the clients.

First peoples in Canada Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

First peoples in Canada - Research Paper Example The Residential School System The residential school system systematically undermined the culture of the Aboriginals and insinuated that it was not worth adopting or following at all costs. Aboriginal children were forcefully separated from their families for lengthy periods of time. During this separation, the children were given strict rules not to talk in their own language and do anything that is related to their culture. Breaking of these rules would lead to sever punishments (Hanson, 2013). It is a common knowledge that culture is passed down generations by the process of parents-children value transfers. By separating children from their parents for long durations of time, it was impossible for the Aboriginal culture to be passed down. The federal government and churches were aware of this because this was the chief objective of this school system – no wonder this system has been referred as a form of cultural genocide. In deed when the Prime minister Stephen Harper iss ued an official apology in regard to residential school system, he said that the system was based on a wrong assumption that â€Å"Aboriginal cultures and spiritual beliefs were inferior and unequal† (Hanson, 2013, p. 1). It is therefore clear that the system was dehumanizing and directly insinuated that the Aboriginal culture was not worth following being inferior. The conditions in the school system were abusive and logically the system did not qualify to use the term ‘school’ in its title. Residential school staff has been accused of great abuses to which students were subjected to. The abuses alleged were physical, sexual, emotional and psychological (Hanson, 2013). According to Miller, the residential school system offered a net negative experience for students – students were said to look back with pain after passing through the system. Children spent a lot of time at the schools and never obtained the emotional support needed by children from their parents. Food was not enough for them and the clothes they were given were shabby and not warm enough especially for the winter seasons (Miller, 2012). This must have been psychologically disturbing to the children taking into consideration their tender ages – 16 years and below. The fact that they were constantly told their culture was inferior and they should never speak their native language must equally have been disturbing (Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 2013). Former students of this system have been pressing through litigation for compensation for suffering they were subjected to under this system. As an indication that students were abused under this system, the federal government has been undertaking measure to show its remorse. One such step is â€Å"the $1.9-billion compensation package for the survivors of abuse at Aboriginal residential schools† (Miller, 2012, p. 1). Students in the system were abused and their dignity was not upheld – accordi ng to Hanson (2013), many of them died due to the conditions and punishments. The experiences that students underwent in this system were dehumanizing. This system did not educate students as was expected being a school but instead just wasted their time. This system up to the 1950s operated on a

Internal and external recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Internal and external recruitment - Essay Example In external recruitment, employees are hired after conducting advertisement. External recruitment is also useful for organization because in this case, there is a large pool of candidates to be selected from. The major sources of external recruitment include employment agencies, educational institutes, and employment at factory level, advertisement, labor contractors, recommendations and employment exchanges. Internal and external recruitment, both have their own advantages and disadvantages. It depends upon the companies and their situations as what suits them the best. No matter if the recruitment is done internally or externally, the problem which arises with both the forms of recruitment is of Employee Turnover. Irrespective of the fact that employees are hired internally or externally, turnover always exists which has become a crucial area of consideration for employers. In many cases, employees who are hired internally leave the organization due to various reasons but in some cases, externally hired employees persistently perform their jobs without having an intention to leave. Many researchers and experts argue that only internal recruitment can reduce cost which is related to hiring and recruiting employees from external source but what if employee turnover rate is high? The cost which would be saved from externally recruiting employees will be spent on replacing them after they leave. Therefore, this paper discusses this most important issue of Employee Turnover which arises in both the forms of recruitment; External Recruitment as well as Internal Recruitment. The issue of employee turnover has received substantial attention of human resource experts and professionals, industrial psychologists and senior management. It is considered as one of the most costly inflexible challenges of human resource management which is widely confronted by the organizations. (SIGMA Assessment Systems Inc. , n.d.) Before coming

Employer Employee Relationship Quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employer Employee Relationship Quiz - Essay Example An independent contractor is not required to adhere to company work schedules whatsoever. Companies are not employers per se, but clients. As such, they are not entitled to direct the contractor in work. The company is concerned only with the outcome. It's the contractor's right to decide when, where and how to get the project done. In simple terms, the Employment At-Will Doctrine means that in absence of a contract employment is presumed to be voluntary and indefinite for both employees and employers. As an at-will employee under the doctrine, one may quit a job whenever and for whatever reason the incumbent wants, usually without consequence. Conversely, at-will employers may terminate one from services whenever and for whatever reason they want, usually without consequence. In short, either party may end the relationship without prior notice, but neither party may breach contracts. Hence, under the doctrine of employment-at-will, Mary's release was legal. We cannot say that there has been a breach of contract, for the implied contract didn't mention any fixed term of employment.

HR project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

HR project - Essay Example St. Lukes Medical Center (SLMC) is located in the Philippines and has provided high-quality healthcare for over a century. Founded in 1903, its mission is to provide outstanding out-patient care. Today it is the foremost and most admired hospital in the Philippines and an acknowledged leader in Asia. (SLMC About Us 2009 par. 1) To deliver excellent healthcare through caring and highly competent professionals, utilizing world-class technology and research. This we shall do in the most financially viable way without losing sight of our primary purpose - to be of service to God and mankind. As defined, a mission statement is a â€Å"written declaration of a firms core purpose and focus which normally remain unchanged. Properly crafted mission statements (1) serve as filters to separate what is important from what is not, (2) clearly state which markets will be served and how, and (3) communicate a sense of intended direction to the entire organization.† (Business Dictionary 2009). Using the definition, the abovementioned mission statement only mentioned the organization’s core purpose and focus which is very general in nature. Although it clearly identified what the organization considers of primary importance (delivery of excellent health care), there was no mention of target markets that the organization purports to serve and how. However, the third element, communicate a sense of direction, was also clearly emphasized by stating that â€Å"this we shall do in the most financially viable way without losing sight† of its primary purpose which is to be of service to God and mankind. Overall, I think this mission statement clearly identifies what the organization wants to accomplish which will remain unchanged for the span of its business life. But since there was no mention of its market, it can still be improved by including â€Å"to deliver excellent healthcare to individuals with various health dilemmas in all age brackets through

Kant's and Mill's Philosophical Theories on Morality Essay

Kant's and Mill's Philosophical Theories on Morality - Essay Example Then, I will elucidate Mill’s response to Kantian theory, and the grounds of his philosophy. Finally, I will argue through example that we ought to favor Mill’s philosophy as it will maximize the benefit to society. Kant’s Theory on Morality In his moral philosophy, Kant argues that for law to have any moral force, it must contain absolute necessity. He opines that morality cannot exist without metaphysics also known as a set of necessary truths. When one fulfils one’s obligation to these necessary truths, the act performed will have morally right regardless of the repercussions it will have. The will to fulfill this obligation forms the basis of our decisions to engage or not to engage in certain acts and it can only become moral if one’s actions are because of rather than merely in accordance with the duty. This will determines what is good or bad because when the will is bad all the other aspects of an individual can be used to further immoral pu rposes. Kant’s argument is that moral requirements are founded on a certain standard of rationality which he named, Categorical Imperative. Immorality is therefore the violation of the Categorical Imperative and which is therefore irrational. These standards of rationality upon which moral requirements are based are either desire-based instrumental rationality principles or based on natural rational intuitions. But he also argued that conformity to this Categorical Imperative, a non-instrumental principle, hence conformity to moral requirements themselves is capable of being shown to be integral to rational agency. He based this argument on his remarkable doctrine that generally a rational will should be seen to be autonomous, or free such that it is the author of the law which seeks to bind it, (Kant, 1999). The basic principle of morality, the Categorical Imperative, is the law of a free or autonomous will. Kant’s moral philosophy is centered on a principle of reason , that an individual’s moral behavior is more than just being a slave to his passions. The presence of this natural and self-governing reason in everyone means that each individual is capable of making the right moral choices and becoming a respectable member of the society. Mills Moral Theory Mills philosophy of the greatest happiness principle tends to divert from Kant’s philosophy. According to Mill, the correctness of person’s actions is measured by its effect on other people. The ultimate end of a person’s actions should be aimed at bringing about the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people. This standard of the greatest happiness has been desired because it is assumed that most people desires for their own happiness for as long as they believe they can achieve that. Therefore, the greatest happiness is a sum of the greatest happiness of every individual. For Mill, happiness is achieved when there is no pain and there is pleasure both in quality and quantity. Since this pleasure is everyone’s goal, then it forms the basis of our morality. Mill explains how one is to distinguish what will result into more or less happiness by saying that if a person has experienced two pleasures, he will choose the one with a higher value. Higher pleasures are mostly related to intellect while lower pleasures are mostly physical. He also explained why some people will choose a lower pleasure over a higher one even when they have had experience with both. He said that even though this

Case Study 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 - Case Study Example Furthermore, his elevated blood pressure exposes him to hastened brain aging, due to developing brain injury. Continued smoking will noticeably increase his risk of experiencing heart disease, since the nicotine raises his blood pressure considerably, even as his arteries narrow. Moreover, his fasting glucose of 172 can lead to pathogenesis of his hypertension, through enhancement of kidney disease, or otherwise vascular stiffness. The deterioration of his Lipid is due to his dietary habits, possibly use of diverse dietary fats, greater use of refined sugar, coupled with lack of physical activity. Therefore, the main objective of treatment for Patient X is to lower his blood pressure to around 140/90 and even lower, given that he has diabetes. Treating hypertension is vital for reducing Patient X risk of undergoing stroke, heart attack, or even heart failure. Accordingly, a plan of weight loss in conjunction with moderate, but self directed physical activity, offers a good groundwork by convincing him that such measures are beneficial. Weight loss will enable him to increase his HDL cholesterol, and as a result decrease harmful form of LDL cholesterol plus triglycerides. It is therefore important to encourage him that, even a modest level of weight-loss of around 5-10 percent of his entire weight, may positively reduce his blood pressure and increase his body sensitivity to insulin, in addition to reducing his central obesity ( National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 7). An individualized eating plan will be helpful, since it is tailored to his personal likes plus dislikes. Aerobic exercise will help him to maintain and put in lean body mass, muscle tissue, and simultaneously losing fat. For instance, a walking program is easier, like walking 40 minutes daily for a few days within a week, as this will lower his blood pressure,

Issues in Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Issues in Homeland Security - Essay Example Based on the official report of DHS and the research of David Inserra and Steven P. Bucci, border and aviation security, illegal immigration issue, coast-guard revival, ineffective program management and departmental failure, preventing violent domestic extremism, cyber security, and insufficient research and development are the major issues, which are ranked according to the highest priority issues in the homeland security (Webster, 2008, p. 6-15; Bucci & Inserra, 2013). The DHS was formed after the attacks of 9/11 with the main objective of the country’s border and aviation security (Webster, 2008, p. 3). The border and aviation security is crucial for the integrity of the country. Considering the ongoing threat of international and domestic terrorism, enhancement in border and aviation security is the topmost concern for the DHS. Illegal immigration is another issue that is affecting the social and economical stability in the US. Various researches have regularly highlighted the direct link between growing crime rates and increasing number of illegal immigrants in the country (Bucci & Inserra, 2013). Hence, it is second most concerning issues which need to be tackled by implementing policies for current immigration laws enforcement. The necessity of coastguard revival is another priority of the DHS. According to the reports, the rate of coastguard operations has increased due to the growing threats to the US marine security and the necessit y of protecting the state’s interests in adverse conditions, such as in the hurricanes and Arctic (Bucci & Inserra, 2013). Another significant issue in the DHS is its failure to effectively utilize allocated funds and flaws in management system. It is reported that often crucial homeland security funds are invested in low-valued or unnecessary projects such as, zombie apocalypse simulation in California, or underwater robotic devices in Columbus

Stress Relief Essay Example for Free

Stress Relief Essay Stress affects human performance in so many ways that just to list the impact upon work would take half of this page. People under high stress become forgetful, are often late for work, miss appointments, have more sick days, have lower competence levels, are more irritable and difficult to get along with, are more likely to break things (by accident or intention) and are great candidates for the kinds of stress-related illnesses and accidents that drain Workers Compensation benefits. Stress reduction must be a constant, on-going process in all our lives. It helps us avoid pain, illness and accident. And, a low-stress (or low-distress) lifestyle is certainly the most pleasant. Once a client who was under a great deal of stress at the time said to me, urgently: Look, all these options youve shown me for stress management are getting to be too much. Its like using a technique to put a patch on me here and another to put a patch on me there. I dont need to get better six months from now after Ive learned a whole bunch of new things I need to be better now! The strength of that response varies with the kind and strength of the demand and the circumstances under which the demand is made. For example, a ringing phone is a demand. It gets a different strength of response depending upon when it rings. If you are taking a usual number of calls at the office at times you expect them, the demand is relatively low and your physical reaction is probably minimal. If the phone rings in the middle of the night when youre worried about a seriously ill loved-one in the hospital, the demand and your response are going to be high. The response is generally called the fight/flight response. It should be called the fight/flight/freeze/faint/fumble response, since those are the usual possible outcomes. But, whatever we call it, heres basically what happens in your body: * Your heart rate goes up. * Your blood pressure goes up. * You begin to perspire to help keep the body cool. * Blood is directed away from hands/feet/digestive system to power large muscles. * Your diaphragm (the muscle that works your lungs like a bellows) locks and your breathing becomes shallow and rapid. Your pupils dialate to help you see the enemy better. * Your awareness of hearing becomes more focused. * Your digestive system shuts down so the energy expended there can be used where its needed. (Or, alternatively, the system may attempt to void its contents, so youll be lighter and move faster. ) * Your immune and self-repair systems go on standby. After all, the processes of these systems are incompatible with heavy action. Besides, you need the energy to fight or run. If you really need to meet a physical threat, all this is great. It prepares your body to do the job. Then, after doing the job destroying or avoiding the stressor your body returns to normal. However, almost all our stressors (stressors are whatever cause stress) today are what psychologists call psychosocial. That is, they come from how we experience our selves, our work and other activities, and our relationships with other people. So, if your boss yells at you, your body is likely to react exactly the same as if you had to deal with a charging rhinoceros. Yet, you cant literally do what your bodys prepared to do: you cant throw your spear at him and run. That means youre going to carry some tension from the encounter around with you until you find a way to discharge it. Furthermore, you are likely to face many daily psychosocial stressors that cause the fight/flight response. If you dont find satisfying resolutions to your stressors, or if there are too many stressors, or if the response is too intense, eventually youre going to experience symptoms of stress-related illness. Stress symptoms may be physical or psychological. Physical symptoms range from muscle tension and headaches through high blood pressure and gastrointestinal ulcers to heart attacks and cancer. Psychological symptoms range from chronic anxiety through recurrent depression to complete nervous breakdowns. Physical activity is necessary to stress relief in helping to dissipate the stress reactions the flight/fight response. In addition, it helps you to: * Reduce muscular tension of sedentary functions. * Promote relaxation. * Sleep easier and better. * Concentrate better. * Reduce pain. * Raise mood. (Very important in anxiety and depression. ) * Reduce fatigue/restore energy. * Increase stamina, strength and suppleness to help make you stress-fit i. e. the fight/flight response is taken with greater ease and shaken with greater ease. Understanding this, you can see that a bit of physical activity might be worthwhile as a system of discharging the tensions of that fight/flight response. What exactly do you mean by physical activity? Exercise is a great idea if you can do, dont mind doing and dont overdo. A regular exercise program helps manage physical stress buildup, make s you feel better over all and probably live a longer and healthier life. But, if you really hate it and resent it, youre not going to follow through with it. You might as well try something else you find more pleasant. Participating in sports is a more enjoyable way of releasing stress and tension for many people. Regular participation is as good as a regular exercise program. Yoga, in a class or on your own, can also provide the benefits of a regular exercise program. It is, however, far less demanding for beginners, allowing the practitioner to slowly ease into the various stretches and poses. Moreover, you feel good while you are doing it and afterward. Done properly, yoga leaves muscles pleasantly stretched and stimulated. You want to say that in English? How and what you think determine how you feel (emotionally) and how you behave. If you have awareness of and control over your thinking process, then essentially you have control over everything that happens to you. In regard to the management of stress, this means that you can seize control of your reactions at the time of the flight/fight response and take the time to understand whats happening and what you want to do. (You must remember that the flight/fight response will occur automatically its a built-in survival mechanism. But you can reduce the occasions upon which it occurs in reaction to imaginary threats and you can reduce the intensity of the response to real threats that nevertheless do not affect your life, health or general well-being. ) Furthermore, since your body doesnt know the difference between real events and imaginary ones, you can use your thoughts to directly change whats happening in your body. For example, in self-hypnosis you can imagine your hands and feet becoming warmer and warmer. They will do so and at the same time you will be balancing the flow of blood throughout your body. What do I do to be a mind master, O Swami? There are a number of methods of gaining the ability to focus and control your mind, but no matter what approach seems to fit for you, they all accomplish the same tasks for stress management: Physical Benefits * Breathing slows and becomes deep and rhythmical. * Heart rate slows and blood pressure drops. * Brain waves slow to relaxed but alert level. * Muscle tension eases. * You become well relaxed. Psychological Benefits * Distressing emotion is inhibited remember, you cannot be relaxed and anxious or angry at the same time. * Calm envelopes you. Awareness is heightened and/or focused, depending on the method used. * Thought clarifies or is dispensed with, depending on the method of used. Meditation. Meditation is the method I most recommend to achieve focus and control in your thinking processes. There are many possible ways to meditate including Zen-style, chanting, mantra-repetition, awareness-training and contemplation. I recommend Zen-style. Its simple, quickly-learned, compact and easily portable. Well, O. K. , its simple to explain and you can learn how in less than a minute. But it takes a lifetime to master. However, you dont have to master the method to get the benefits you need for stress management; you just have to practice every day. Heres how: find a quiet, comfortable place to sit. Either close your eyes or allow your gaze to fall unfocused on the floor about three feet in front of you. Breathe normally and count your breaths thus: breathe in, do nothing, breathe out, count 1, repeat until you reach 4, then start over again from 1. Do nothing but breathe and count. Dont think, dont talk, dont look, dont listen. Just breathe and count. Continue for about ten minutes. Visualization. Instead of not thinking about anything, you think very specifically about one thing by making an imaginary movie in you head. For example, you might imagine yourself sitting on a tropical beach at dawn. You could see the changing colors in the sky as the sun rises, feel the soft warm breeze lift your hair away from your face, hear the plaintive cry of a gull, smell the saltiness of the water, hear the surf hitting the rocks beyond. If you can become proficient at putting yourself in such scenes, you can put yourself in scenes that make you feel anything you want to feel and you can modify any experience. Self-Hypnosis.

Administration of medicines is a key element of nursing

Administration of medicines is a key element of nursing Drug administration forms a major part of the clinical nurses role. Medicines are prescribed by the doctor and dispensed by the pharmacist but responsibility for correct administration rests with the registered nurse (OShea 1999). So as a student nurse this became our duty and something that we practiced and become competent in carry out as explained in figure 1, we were also faced with the challenges of administering medication. Each registered nurse is accountable for his/her practice. This practice includes preparing, checking and administering medications, updating knowledge of medications, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, reporting adverse drug reactions and teaching patients about the drugs that they receive (NMC 2008). Accountability also goes for students, if at any point I felt I wasnt competent enough to dispensing a certain drug it would be in my responsibility to speak up and let the registered nurses know, so that I could shadow them and have the opportunity to learn and then in future be able to practice and administer. The reflective model I have chosen to use is Gibbs model (Gibbs 1988). Gibbs model of reflection incorporates the following: description, feelings, evaluation, and conclusion. (Gibbs 1988). The model will be applied to the essay to facilitate critical thought, relating theory to practice where the model allows. Discussion will include the knowledge underpinning practice and the evidence base for the clinical skill, that I have learnt and supporting this with current literature. The first stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of events. I was asked to administer a drug to a patient. I had observed this clinical skill on a variety of occasions and had previously administered medication under supervision. On this occasion I was being observed by two qualified nurses, one of which was my mentor. The drug had been dispensed and was ready to be administered and the patient consented to have a student administer the medication. My mentor was talking me through the procedure step by step, and informed me that they have struggled with this patient and her compliance with medication before so I should keep an out and ensure that she swallows her medication and that she not keeping it her mouth. The Medication that this patient is on is Clozapine. Clozapine is indicated for patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia, or those who are unable to benefit from other antipsychotic medicine, as they cannot tolerate the side effects. The decision to use clozapine is not taken lightly because of the potentially life threatening side effect of neutropaenia, which requires regular blood tests to ensure its safe use. In addition, there is the risk of developing paralytic ileus and some cardiac abnormalities. (WLMT). In addition to that statement if a patient on clozapine white blood cells count falls below accepted lower limit are classified as Red alerts medication must be withdrawn, and any other prescriber in the future wishing to restart medication are aware of the patients haemotological history. Adverse drug reactions are the main limiting factor on using anti-psychotics, for this reason prescribers should keep dosages to a minimum required for efficacy starting at a low dose with gradual upward titration. An awareness of side effects is important to primary care practitioners because they have most contact with the patients, patients with long term monitoring falls within their remit. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic, and atypical anti-psychotics are considered of choice both accurately and for maintenance in schizophrenia. Clozapine holds a unique position among the atypical due to its ability to improve negative as well as positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations). (Morris, D) . During the process of administering anti-psychotics I learnt that using anti-psychotics is just a component of a holistic approach to the patient with psychotic illness and that care should also include psychological treatments and social care. The patient at such does not have any issue with the drug it self but with the staff, as she is in a very psychotic state she is very paranoid and non compliant with medication this is closely monitored by staff and as stated in figure 1 I have to prompt her to ensure that medication is complied with. Service users have requested strategies from services providers to manage the risk of using psychiatric medication to inform their choice about which psychiatric medication to use. (DOH 1999). However evidence suggests that, there is choice, but generally by practitioner experience. (Hamann et al. 2005). In non compliance of medication I had to encourage the patient to make their choice to take the medications and that it was in their care plan a nd apart of their treatment. A nurse who has built a good relationship with a patient by informing and empowering them will be in a strong position to have a non judgmental conversation with them about the importance of adherence. (Mc Lellan. A 2009). I am now going to enter into the second stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection, which is a discussion about my thoughts and feelings. I was aware of being under the supervision of two qualified nurses and this made me feel very nervous and self conscious and I had to ensure that I was doing everything correctly and that I made no errors. Once my mentor questioned my practice, concerning if I knew the side effects of the drug I was about to administer, I became even more aware of feeling nervous and under pressure. The patient was present and I did not want the patient to feel that I did not know what I was doing. So I had to ensure before administering that I was giving the medication to the right patient and at the correct dose that it was at the right time and route. All of these had to be done to guarantee that I am competent in my ability to administer medication under the supervision of a registered nurse. This also gave me the opportunity to carry out this task in order to a chieve this so I could get it signed off by my mentor in my essentials skills cluster. The nurse patient relationship is by many considered the core of nursing; this can be done to build a good relationship and rapport with patients. (Framer.J.Kramer.S, 2001). When I was first orientated to the ward, I took it upon myself to read the patients notes so that I had little insight to the patients and their illness and index offences if any. After this I went and introduced myself to the patients because its vital that the patients are aware of who I am and my status if I am to provide nursing care for them. (Berlo 1960) puts great emphasis on dyadic communication, therefore stressing the role of the relationship between the source and the receiver as an important variable in the communication process. So to provide patients with adequate care its important that there is effective communication, that the patients is aware of everything, and that the nurse provides care and compassion in the delivery of care. There is evidence that our ability to use language actually affect s the thoughts themselves, the words we can command, and the way that we put them together affects: what we think how we think whether we are thinking So as a student nurse I was made aware that words can have an impact on care provided and the way in which these words are delivered can have an even greater impact. As explained in figure 1, when I was admitting a patient on to the ward I had to make certain that I was communicating effectively, making certain that I was delivering information in ways that were easy to understand refraining from uses of jargon, and that I was showing compassion to the patient as this could be a time of high anxiety for them, reassuring them that they are in great hands and offering them tea were among the things I did to exercise my care and compassion skill. so my main aim was to make the care of people your first concern, treating them as individuals and respecting their dignity, and working with others to protect and promote the health and well being of those in my care, their families and careers, and the wider community. (NMC 2008). However I tried to use different forms of communication to con vey information from my patients, for instance as stated in figure 1, when I had my 1-1 personal time with my patient I would use (Bein and Miller 1992) the use of open and ended questions and active listening, so that I could comprehend everything I was being told so that when I came round to me providing comprehensive and accurate written report based they would reflect everything that was being. Studies show that during interpersonal communication only 7% of the message is verbally communicated by the words used. Â  Of the 93% non-verbal communication: As a result I learnt to pick up non verbal signals Even if someone decides to say nothing they are still communicating (effective communication skills). All of which skills I can adopt to engage with patients and to help with my development in nursing. Evaluation is the third stage of Gibbs (1988 ), here I will the explain the importance of administering medication and how this combined with care, compassion and communication forms the bases of a holistic approach to care, and with the knowledge I got from supporting literature formed the foundation of my learning and practice. Burnard (2002) suggests that a learner is a passive recipient of received knowledge, and that learning through activity engages all of our senses.

Decrypting Cryptography Essay -- E-Commerce Internet Papers

Decrypting Cryptography Cryptography is the study of techniques and implementation dedicated to the solving of complex problems. Today, its primary use is to protect sensitive information by maintaining the privacy of communications. In general, the secret information is transformed into an altered text by a process referred to as encryption, thus preventing the message from being read by anyone besides the intended receiver. It is this cipher text that is transmitted to the intended recipient, who must use the proper key to reverse the process, that is convert the encoded message back into its plain text form. Cryptography has seen a recent rise in popularity due to the expanding nature of communications technology, the Internet, and the inherent security needs of such systems. Cryptography has many practical uses besides providing a code for secret communications. A major contributor to the many current applications of cryptology is the status of computers. Cryptology provides the tools to create a large-scale network of individuals who can communicate with each other confidentially without the threat of an unintended party being able to receive the transmission. The electronically intangible nature of e-mail messages makes them particularly susceptible to attack. Cryptography provides encryption for e-mails, so that only the intended recipient can access the plain text. Cryptographic applications have been augmented with the recent increase of business conducted over the Internet, otherwise known as e-commerce. Online banking, brokerage accounts, and shopping have increased the need for protection against fraud, theft and corruption of the vital information that is sent via the Internet with each electronic transa... ...lobe. Whether you are trading stocks at the office, talking on a cellular phone in the car, or just purchasing a CD at home, cryptography provides the necessary security to insure that your sensitive information will not fall into the wrong hands. Works Cited [1] Daepp, Ulrich. â€Å"Public Key Encryption Scheme.† 14 October 1999. [2] â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions About Today’s Cryptology.† RSA Security. [FTP] ftp://ftp.rsasecurity.com/pub/labsfaq/labsfaq4.pdf. 1 December 1999. [3] â€Å"Leonard Adleman.† The University of Southern California. [WWW] http://www-hto.usc.edu/people/Adleman.html. 3 December 1999. [4] McHugh, Josh. â€Å"People-Innovators, Smart People, Smart Ideas: Leonard Adleman.† Forbes 7 July 1997. [5] â€Å"RSA† [WWW] http://www.whatis.com/rsa.htm. 3 December 1999 [6] Shamir, Adi. â€Å"RSA for Paranoids.† CryptoBytes vol.1, no.3 Autumn 1995: 1-4.

Charles Babbage :: Essays Papers

Charles Babbage Charles Babbage was born at Walworth, Surrey England in December 26,1791. He achieved many great feats and belonged to many very distinguished groups before he died in October 18, 1871. Many people consider him to be the grandfather of computer science due to his great works with his Difference Engine (1821), which printed tables of polynomials, and his Analytical Engine (1856), which was intended as a general symbol manipulator. These inventions were far more complex than the work of any of his fellow inventors. Although there is no evidence that the computers of today are direct descendants of his work. He grew up with a passion for how mechanical objects worked. He also was an excellent mathematician. This was discovered at an early age when he employed a tutor only to find out he knew more about math than the tutor did. He was home schooled for a good many years before entering Cambridge University in 1810 an institution where he would later hold the position of Lucasian c hair of mathematics from 1828 to 1839. His home schooling was in direct result of poor health in his youth. He was involved in many different fields of science. He was the first person to be presented the Gold Medal award given by the Astronomical Society. He was also a key figure in the founding of the Astronomical Society in 1820, the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1831 and the Statistical Society of London in 1834. He is also the author of the very influential book On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures. He also wrote a series of papers on many different topics such as optics and cryptology. Babbage excelled in many categories but being a politician wasn’t one of them. As a result he would not be able to persuade the government in England to give him a grant on working on the analytical engine. In Babbages early years he was quite social an pleasant to have around. In fact he was notorious for excellent dinner parties where many famous and prominent people would be in attendance. Although over the years and believed by some as a result from the death of his daughter Shelley, who drowned near La Spezia in July of 1822 and 5 years later the death of his 35-year-old wife Georgiana in August 1827 he became a very bitter old man.

Essay --

Introduction: The microgrid system comprising of small-scale distributed generation system and loads can be promptly incorporated by means of the renewable energy sources [1-2]. Numerous researches have been conducted on the microgrid notion [3-5]. The performance of microgrid system is complex and irregular while some microsources are associated. In order to understand the behavior of a microgrid with several microsources, key issues such as microgrid control, stability and protection have to be considered in detail. Background: The increasing require of electricity, fast exhaustion of fossil fuels, diminution of CO2 emissions, in conjunction with the incapability and ineffectiveness of present electricity grid are motivating chief changes in electricity production, circulation and consumption guides around the globe. In recent times, smart electricity grid configurations comprised with interlinked small or medium dimension generators, energy storage elements as well as power electronic technologies have been germinated to find the key limitations of the conventional grid structure. Microgrids are major ingredients of these promising grid configurations. Even though microgrids are received as feasible solutions to power stability and quality topics in ac power systems, the ambiguity in the capacity of microgrids are to deal with serious changeable load and fault situation is the most important pertain in the function of these novel grid confi gurations. In the previous decennium, enormous attentions were elevated on the subject of distributed generation units, for instance solar photovoltaic panels, wind turbine generators, fuel cells, and so on. These Distributed Generations ... ...bjectives: The focus of this research proposal is to develop of a microgrid management system for reliable operation which will be incorporated with modeling, controlling, and power management of microgrid applications. Toward this proposal a theoretical investigation of the basic function of a feeble grid will be presented. A novel grid management strategy under changeable loads will be proposed for power management. Simulation work and experimental test will also carry out to demonstrate and validate the proposed control system for the operational improvement of the DG networks. The main objectives of this research project can be described as †¢ Development of novel control techniques, flexible and advanced, for system control improvement in a feeble power system. †¢ Improvement of power conversion efficiency. †¢ To examine how a feeble power system can be built up

Juno Formalism Essay

Juno’s pregnancy started her process of coming of age and showed how certain incidents start the process earlier then others. How the movie was constructed together by the leading each stage of Juno’s problems through the mood or tone of one of the four seasons, starting in fall, is parallel to how Juno blooms into the rebirth of new, mature person. Beginning in fall, Juno finds out that she is pregnant. The mood in fall is quiet and calm. Just like fall, Juno is also quiet about the whole incident. Instead of being open she went to the abortion clinic without anyone knowing to find more information about pregnancy. This also shows her immaturity due to her hiding her mistakes without telling the truth. This has made her begin her adulthood at an early stage than her peers. In winter, Juno has found a couple to take care of her baby and has become close to them. During this season is when Mark is beginning to have â€Å"cold-feet† about the baby and Vanessa and everything Juno has wanted to happen has gone wrong. The mood winter brings is that of sadness and depression. Similar to winter, Juno feels the same and feels a whirlwind emotions due to the Mark and Vanessa issue and he pregnancy . The problems she is dealing with can compare to â€Å"grown-up† problems that she needs to start to solve as she goes through adulthood. During spring, Juno gave birth. The mood in spring is relief. Relief from the dangerously cold air that winter has. Juno feels this relief when she gives birth. It is a sign of her completing her coming of age into adulthood. In the transition into summer, Juno and all her problems perceive to be gone. The pregnancy and adoption problems are over and she and Paulie are in love. The mood in summer is happiness. In the ending scene, the mood is evident when they are singing in the early summer mourning without care of anything. This is also shown by Paulie’s ending devotion to track. Juno’s experience, though she wasn’t prepared for it, actually helped her become a more mature adult.

Admission Paper in Finance Essay

Every person has his/her story and so do I. I’m writing this statement of purpose to solicit an admission into the prestigious Finance Phd Program. Many people endeavor into PhD to do high-level research and teach but my primary reason for entering is to be my own boss. Not to sound conceited, I have earlier worked in 7/11 from 6 am to 12 pm for many years and under unmanageable coworkers to support my living and schooling expenses as I come from a very humble background. I understand that being one’s own boss or in more euphemistic terms an independent researcher does not come easy, one has to first go through many years of rigors and challenges of academic world. My Masters in Quantitative finance have built the foundation or framework to withstand any challenge that academia will put forth in the near future. Courses that I have taken in my masters include Mathematical finance, real option analysis, Microeconomic theory, Financial Derivatives, Statistics, Econometric s 1, Econometrics 2, Financial modeling, Financial application, and so forth. See more: Homeless satire essay I took few research and quantitative classes because I know they will inadvertently prepare me for PhD . The reason I chose Quantitative Marketing is because the statistics, economics and mathematics that’s involved in it mesmerizes me. In this country the advertisers have known from the beginning that â€Å" The heart rules over the head.† So by allowing the mass majority of people with easy personal and mortgage loans, they have jeopardized the economy. What I would like to research is if this was a zero-sum game or not, and if yes, then who benefitted from it? Because of securitization, the bank did not seem to make any money, and neither the homeowners that lost their home. If banks knew people were going to default, then why did they still offer loans? This whole thing is like a mathematical paradox that is yet to be solved. Marketing is what separates the product from its competitors. In my research I’d like to learn how adverstisers use athletes to add val ue to the product. Nike’s whole business model was based on Marketing. Top sportsman like Tiger Woods, Roger Federer, Kobe Bryant and so on are paid several millions by Nike. Many people perceive that by wearing the same brand as their idol does, he/she could improve their game. But what about â€Å"the Rolex† watch that Roger Federer advertises? How can a watch improve anyones tennis game? Maybe , the ad implies that only â€Å"Winners† or so called â€Å" achievers† can wear it? People looking to lose weight may take up a sport and watch their favorite athlete drink â€Å"Gatorade† to rehydrate or replenish their energy, but fail to realize that the 46 grams of sugar in Gatorade itself is the primary reason that’s defeating their weight loss goal. Ab rockets, Ab lounges are advertised by professional trainers who have spent their life doing sports. It is impossible for a 9 to 5 working person to achieve the same results, yet countless people fall prey to thes e infomercials. It is definitely fascinating to learn more about the profound effect that Marketing has on us. Neverthless, schemes like â€Å" buy one get one 50% off, zero percent down payment for 12 months, buy now pay later† are a sure sell. What begs the question is whether the scheme is benefitting the consumer or the economy. After research the second most important thing for a phd is to teach. Even though I do not have formal teaching experience I have been teaching GRE to students from all walks of life. I definitely do not have a stellar GPA nor a GRE but I do my job well when needed. The fact that I love people makes my job of teaching extremely simple. I can wake up middle of the night and walk an extra mile to give a talk on a topic that inspires me. Having taken immeasurable courses at community colleges and universities, I’ve become very fond of academia. I now dote reading, learning, relearning, and writing. Of course, my past high school and university grades donâ€⠄¢t walk the talk but the fact is I have overcome all of that with my independent learning. A majority of my high-school teachers and family members doubted if I’d ever finish high-school. Not only did I finish high school , I now also have two advanced United States degrees. Much of these didn’t come easy for me. Every parents teacher meeting and every result day from grade 3 to grade 12 was like a doomsday for me. I used to literally pray that we never had a result day or a parents teacher meeting. My dad physically whopped me and my brother together till he injured us for passing our classes with a B or a C grade. It still gives me nightmare just thinking about it. He beat us because he compared us to his wealthier colleagues or brothers kids who were excelling in school while we weren’t. He never realized that each kid is unique and has different talent. Perhaps, his lack of education or short-temperedness made him violent or even so because he could not flaunt to others that his kids have the highest grade . Believe me this is what parents in South Asia are discussing at parties or family gatherings, â€Å"whose kids are getting the best grades.†. Nevertheless, at first it was a big challenge to just learn English, but as time passed, my innate ability taught me reading, writing, and speaking. In fact, English has now become my primary language. Also during undergrad I have written myriad papers and thus writing has become a fact of my life. The writing skills I have acquired during a long period of my stay in the academic world will unarguably be useful during my PhD. If not, at least I like to think so. I choose Lubbock because it’s a small college town and the professor who mentored me during my masters has his PhD in finance from Texas Tech . He in fact referred me to this school. Nevertheless, a small quite town would also enhance a person’s learning since he/she will be free from all distractions. While writing this essay I hold an undergraduate sociology 101 t ext book. According to the book, being a university professor is considered one of the most prestigious occupation in the United States, ranking way ahead than an athlete, Dentist, programmer, Actor, and so forth. The author took the abstract from, â€Å"General Social Survery, 1972-2002. Cumumlative codebook (Chicago national opinion research center.† ) Such findings did stir my up my mind to pursue PHD. I really saw this in my text six years ago as a young teenager . This explains I truly have the passion to be a professor from a long time. The excellent faculty at Texas Tech with their wide variety of research interests , and student placements will definitely make my ambition of becoming a university professor come true. What I like about research is it removes the bias from the illimitable information we have today. Integrating information from google, scholarly journals, publications, magazines, foreign newspapers, and so forth and coming up with my own analysis is something I loo k forward to do. Another thing that I like about research is it’s about finding patterns and relationships that are not obvious to others. My poor undergraduate GPA could be attributed to the fact that I was part of Texas Wesleyan Table Tennis Team. We have won 4 national collegiate championship, having me represented TWU as a varsity player in all four of them. Apart from playing NCTTA tournaments we were obligated to play open tournaments all over America. I did get a chance to play and win several open tournaments in different cities across the US. For winning the national collegiate championship, the United States House of Representative personally awarded me a certificate of excellence. I’ve enclosed a copy of that certificate along with this essay. Nevertheless, team practice and tournaments took up a lot of time and energy; once tired, college and books were the last thing in my mind. Somehow, I still managed to complete my undergrad degree keeping in mind the famous American say ing , â€Å" It doesn’t matter how many times you fail, but it does matter how you finish.† Nevertheless, I realized I have criticized my dad earlier in the essay but this piece of work that I have penned down today could not have been possible without his support. Moreover, I could never make him happy with my low grades, but I always saw him rejoicing each time I won a tournament. Table tennis taught me invaluable lessons in life. When I lost a tournament or an important match I used to feel devastated, but it then made me realize that it’s not the end of the world. By accepting defeat, I learned that I have to train harder and come off strong for the next tournament. Similarly, in business and research only after failing several times did great thinkers emerge. Lastly, I thank the dean, chairman, and admission committee members for taking out their valuable time to read this essay and also for considering my application.

A Historical Perspective on Reading Research and Practice Essay

This article has responded to both internal and external forces resulting from gradual and dramatic transitions based on historical perspectives. This has permitted a reasonable reflection and a sense of wisdom that is susceptible to loss when one engages in it. The underlying reason is the critical dimension to the present day events and issues analysis resulting from the broadened reading culture. In the late 20th century, reading became a recognized study field with systematic research programs aiming at ascertaining its fundamental nature and its acquisition process. This resulted from the confluence of social, educational, political and economic factors. Quantitative and qualitative changes in U. S. public schools’ systems after the World War II provided favorable environment for the reading transitions. Reading processes and skills were broken down into constituent parts which were practiced and reinforced in a systematic and orderly manner during classroom sections. Reading became a conditioned behavior based on certain environmental contingencies. Individuals positively responded to learning from repeated and controlled stimulation from the environment. This stimulus-response relationship was accompanied by rewards and punishments led to the habituation of the reading act (Alexander & Fox, 2004). Therefore, academic learning involved identification of the preferred behaviors prerequisites and training. This aimed at untangling the chained links in reading so as to train the learner in each component skill. In addition, material effectiveness was structured and controlled in the delivery of environmental stimulation and practice opportunities. Emphasis on studying observable behavior focused on reading as a perceptual activity which included identification of visual signals and validating diagnostic instruments and remedial techniques. However, alternative human learning theories which focused on perceptual process as a whole still operated on underground which examined that reading is per introspection rather than through behavior. Human beings could make a coherent sense out of the perceptional data through whole-word recognition, context comprehension and word identification thus considering reading as a unique human activity owning definitive characteristics. Increased interest in internal mental structures and processes ignited by the advancements in neurology and artificial intelligence has caused transformations in the learning institutions. Moreover, the dissatisfaction with behaviorism as an explanatory system caused changes. The article points that present institutions should conceptualize learning as a natural process rather than conditioning and that language should be developed through a meaningful use. Also learning to read should be viewed as an inherent ability rather than a reflective action with laborious skill acquisition. As a result, reading research unified the literacy field through language arts. Learning to read became a matter of arriving at a facility due to the understanding quest within a language-rich environment. The growing attention to the structure and processes of the human mind and increased federal funding by the Unites States led to creation of research centers caused another theoretical transformation. These new researchers explained human language as an interaction between symbol system and mind. Learning as a natural metaphor was replaced with a mechanistic information processing metaphor. Text-based as a form of learning, involved knowledge which was organized and stored within the individual mind (Alexander & Fox, 2004). In addition, Knowledge base was depicted as powerful, persuasive, individualistic and modifiable since it was linked to the individual’s perspectives on what they had read, their interpretation and recall out of the written text. The information processing of this period resulted in cognition-related constructs which strengthened the aforementioned characteristics of knowledge. Furthermore, it focused on the individual mind. This was because the computer-based guiding had little considerations of socio-cultural influences in processing linguistic information. To add on, the research studies stressed on individualistic interpretations of written text and exhibited that the knowledge of the students could be greatly modified through training, direct intervention and/or overt instructions. Other contributors of improved text comprehension were instructional environments and pedagogical techniques. In view of any reading approach, there must be a shift away from the neurological argument to much concern for naturalism in the materials and procedures used to teach reading. Moreover, they should create unity within the language arts. The cognitive psychology gave a new viewpoint for literacy and educational researchers. It studied literacy with naturally occurring texts in natural settings with holistic and aesthetic school of thought. It aimed creating a mutual understanding arising in the social interaction of individuals in particular contexts at a time (Alexander & Fox, 2004). The dominant perspective was learning being a socio-cultural collaborative experience and the learner being a member of the learning community. Reform on modern schools  Present day schools should anticipate for motivation in the form of readers’ achievement of goals, interest and involvement in the learning experience with change in perception of texts, reader and reading. This can be achieved due to the introduction of the hypermedia and hypertext forms of learning which has increased the attention in classroom discourse thus improving the students’ academic. Effective orientation has to be done so as to capture the complexity of reading and recognize the changing nature of reading as the reader engages in a range of reading-related, goal-directed activities. With the dichotomization of reading into learning to read and reading to learn, it has led to integrated and developmental learning perspective. Engaged learning has led to the acknowledgement of the fact that reading extends to the texts students come across daily such as nonlinear, interactive, dynamic and visually complex materials transmitted using audiovisual media. Current learning institutions should learn about the potentials of alternatives nonlinear media and examine how pedagogical techniques and learning environments can be adapted to aid readers from struggling with traditional texts. Students should be encouraged to participate in meaningful and goal-directed text-based learning. Moreover, attention should be drawn to create a personally and socially valuable body of knowledge. Strategies are put in place to promote reflection, choice and deliberate execution on the learner’s part which actively engages the leaner thus developing the reading perspective. To be complete, readers, and learners should focus on demonstrating fluency in reading and other basic linguistic skills. Workable solutions  Some of workable solutions would include provision of personally relevant texts, both traditional and alternative that will promote deeper and wider student engagement in their learning. Putting in place technological advancements capable of transforming learning and teaching through production of proliferated information sources and different text types can also be productive. Involving high-stakes testing and efforts to institute national standards have hastened the students’ learning since they prescribe the content and skills learners should have acquired at various institutional levels. Investments in basic reading skills and components in special education institutions have helped struggling readers since researchers have greatly supported. Changes which might improve things One of major consideration that should be put in place is recognition of the fact that reading is invariably physiological, psychological and sociological thus an integrated orientation is a prerequisite. Therefore physical, visual, and neurological stimuli to the learning processes should also be employed. In addition, every reading process needs to enhance the psychological interpretation, storage and retrieval of text, goals formulation and expression of interests. Sociologically, a reading culture that focuses in intra-individual and inter-individual communication through linguistic media that are socio-culturally influenced can also play a big role in changing the existing education. Lastly, a fine-grained reading view that incorporate brain structures and mental activities of an individual and social behavior have to be integrated meaningfully throughout these orientations.

Current and Future Market Trends Essay

When thinking of wireless phone or internet service, the first company that probably comes to mind is Verizon Wireless. Verizon officially became a force to be reckoned with in the wireless market in 2000 when Verizon communications and Vodafone merged. Verizon states, â€Å"Verizon Communications Inc., headquartered in New York, is a global leader in delivering broadband and other wireless and wire line communications services to mass market, business, government and wholesale customers.† Since entering the market in 2000, Verizon has made itself popular by offering service in more areas than any other wireless network. Market Structure Within economics, four types of market structures exist. The four types are: monopoly, monopolistic competition, perfect competition, and oligopoly. Colander (2008) describes market structure as, â€Å"the physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact.† Verizon Wireless’ market structure can be defined by a combination of monopolistic competition and oligopoly. Colander (2008) defines monopolistic competition and oligopoly as, â€Å"a market structure in which there are many firms selling differentiated products and few barriers to entry—and oligopoly — a market structure in which there are only a few firms and firms explicitly take other firms’ likely response into account. The wireless industry is smaller that people think and not much competiton exists. For example: Cingular and AT&T are both wireless carriers, but Cingular is a part of AT&T. Essentially, when a consumer spends money with Cingular, it still goes to AT&T. Using an oligopoly structure has worked well for Verizon in the past and currently. Current and future market trends should not have any affect on the market structure of Verizon. New Companies Competition in the wireless industry has always been tough. It seems as though every month or few weeks, a new phone or new service is being unveiled by a well-know company or a company trying to get started. Besides  Alltell, Verizon is usually the company the competition seeks to compete with. To compete with Verizon most companies offer a service similar to Verizon for a cheaper price, or they offer a similar phone for a cheaper price. Verizon would not be affected heavily by any new companies entering the market, because Verizon is already established and consumers are already familiar with the brand. Aside from that, Verizon offers a number of services and slogans to keep their consumers interested. Some of the slogans used are: America’s largest and most reliable network, #1 in customer loyalty, and the worry free guarantee. Verizon does not have to worry about the competition, the competition should worry about Verizon. Prices One of the downsides to having wireless services and phones is the price. Since the introduction of cell phones, the price of phones and the price of service have risen significantly. On average, a contract for cell phone service with two lines would cost anywhere from $160 – $250, depending on the services the customer chooses. That price does not include the price of the phone which could be anywhere from $50 – $900. The prices to maintain the convenience of a cell phone are ridiculous, but it is a necessity that most individuals find it hard to live without. The current and future trend of the wireless industry shows the price of services and phones increasing. With that being said, despite the prices of phones and service, consumers will continue to pay the prices set by Verizon and other wireless companies. Technology Cell phones and services have definitely evolved over the years. Technology is one of the leading factors when consumers consider purchasing a phone or selecting a company as their wireless provider. Most cell phone users use text messaging, check email, and log onto social networking sites like facebook and myspace from their mobile phones. Like any other invention cell phones have evolved and become an important part of our lives. Televisions went from just being in homes to our cars. Computers were usually found in places such as: homes, offices, and libraries. Now cell phones are the more modern version of computers. Verizon has always made note of the changing trends when it comes to technology and the company has always delivered excellent products the consumer wants or needs. Productivity To maintain the position as the largest and most reliable wireless carrier, Verizon Wireless must spend money. The costs range from building the network, to maintaining the network. Costs include employees, equipment and technology needed to keep the company on top. The company makes decisions based on what the benefit will be in the long run. These decisions are made by researching trends and technology in the wireless market and changing tastes of the consumer. The company knows the catalyst of success is a strong network. The law of diminishing marginal productivity states as more of a variable input is added to an existing fixed input, eventually the additional output one gets from that additional input is going to fall (Colander 2008). I was not able to get information specific from Verizon Wireless that would help me graph out this law. The company has over 86,000 employees and made 56.8 billion dollars in profit for 2008 (about us 2009). Each year bonuses are given to employees based on individual performance and company performance. Last year the bonuses were based on the fact that the company made 12% in profits. In today’s economic times, the e profit achieved was outstanding and was above any other profits made in the wireless industry for 2008. Cost Structure Wages and Benefits Employees of Verizon Wireless are compensated well. The employees salary along with the benefits provided are above others employed in the wireless industry, according to David Brown an analyst at Verizon Wireless human resources. At Verizon Wireless a broad-banded structure is used to organize jobs and manage pay. There are six bands that range from A to F. Depending on the skills of the individual, he or she is usually hired in on the F band, which is a customer service representative, or assistant. The duties are usually task oriented. The next band is E, which is a coordinator or analyst, who are proven to work independently, usually on projects and technical functions. D band consists of level one managers, supervisors etcetera. C through A bands are the higher levels of management and CEO. Jobs are assigned to bands based on similar roles and levels of responsibility. The jobs themselves can be quite different in terms of what people do. Jobs in the same band are similar in terms of their impact on our business results, the decision-making authority of the employees who hold them, and the knowledge and skills required. VZW classifies a job as either salaried exempt or salaried non-exempt. Verizon Wireless provides medical, dental and vision benefits to employees at a reduced cost, but also provides at no cost an education benefit up to 8,000 per year, 401k contribution matching up to 6% and yearly performance bonuses as well as profit sharing if enrolled in 401k and a long term incentive program that is also based on company performance. Employees are a vital asset to Verizon Wireless and the salaries along with the benefits are designed to maximize performance. Cost Structure Fixed and Variable Costs Fixed costs are defined as costs that are spent and cannot be changed in the period under consideration (2008). Fixed costs for Verizon Wireless include buildings, warehouses used, and upkeep of cellular sites. Variable costs, or costs that change, include workers employed, contracts for equipment production, new technology etcetera. Verizon Wireless is a firm that sells produced goods to individuals, businesses and government (2008). The company’s main output is technology. The fixed costs dived by the variable costs equal the average costs of the company. As was stated earlier, last year Verizon Wireless made a 12% increase in profits from the year before. Most of the revenue occurred in the 4th quarter of the year with the release of the BlackBerry Storm touch screen device. The device was the answer to the I phone distributed by AT&T. Over 100,000 devices were sold on the first day of release alone. The cost of the device was 199.99, which is around 2 million dollars made in one day. The demand for the devices increased, and the company met the demand with more phones. According to the March 2009 newsletter given to the company for 4th quarter earnings, the CEO Lowell McAdam advised that Storm sales were the factor that  significantly raised the company’s profits and set the bar for future ventures. Price Elasticity of Demand The relation between the shift in quantity and shift in price of a product is known as price elasticity. â€Å"Price elasticity of demand is the calculation of the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price† (Colander, 2008). Verizon Wireless has to make an effort to stay in synch with the pricing and offerings by their competition. Verizon Wireless must implement services and products that incorporate modern technology and are ground-breaking to compete in the wireless market and affordable in today’s economy. Impact of Government Regulations Verizon Wireless realizes the importance in ensuring that all regulations that are established by the Federal Communications Commission. Abiding by these regulations will guarantee that Verizon Wireless will keep providing long-standing benefits for the taxpayer and customers. Verizon Wireless trusts that the present structure â€Å"of auctioning spectrum licenses, with clearly defined, exclusive-use and flexible rights, is the right approach to spectrum policy† (Verizon Wireless, 2009). Although clear benefits towards allowing unlicensed use of spectrum is visible, that advance will not create the revenue for the United States Treasury or the best value for American economy. Broadband is one of the services provided by Verizon Wireless. Over the past ten years Broadband services have been used commercially. During that time the government has acknowledged the significance of implementing market-based motivations to persuade broadband usage and investment. â€Å"Rather than applying more-stringent regulations to telecommunications services and infrastructure, the FCC generally has applied an old wires, old rules; new wires, new rules philosophy towards broadband services and networks† (Verizon Wireless, 2009) By doing this, customers will reap in the benefits form the government’s decision to enhance incentives for broadband service providers to invest in better and superior broadband networks and services. â€Å"Investment and deployment in next-generation broadband networks – such as Verizon’s FiOS network – is happening at a remarkable pace, and consumers  now have more choices than ever before† (Verizon Wireless, 2009). Competitors Verizon Wireless has a substantial amount of competition in the wireless industry. Verizon competes with wireless companies such as T-Mobile, Sprint and AT&T. Verizon Wireless became the largest wireless service provider by beating out AT&T. Nonetheless, Verizon’s landline industry is affected by the large opposition of modern technology and tends to confront challenges from various other competitors with high speed internet and cable companies such as Time Warner Cable. Verizon Wireless has to make an effort to stay in synch with the pricing and offerings of its competitors. The Wireless industry is so competitive, equipment can outdate within a few months. Companies must develop wireless devices that are affordable as well as reliable. Supply and Demand Analysis Even with today’s economic challenges, many opportunities to create innovative new products to meet customer demand still abound. In a bold new step the company introduced its line of netbooks, mini lightweight laptop computers that consumers can take with them anywhere. The netbooks have all the functionality of a laptop, with the convenience of a smaller wireless device. The smaller size and the low price the netbooks are offered, is what today’s consumers are demanding. Tapping into this market gives Verizon Wireless a piece of the notebook and laptop market that was only accessible in the past by offering mobile broadband cards. The added revenue from this market keeps Verizon Wireless ahead of the competition. Verizon Wireless also has the opportunity to expand its coverage globally with the 3G UMTS, Quad Band GSM networks. This means that business travelers as well as consumers will now have access to roam on more networks in over 250 countries across the globe. Verizon Wireless strives to produce the best most reliable wireless voice and data coverage in the industry. In order to obtain that goal the company will have to gain customers faster than the competition, widen the revenue lead and lead in profitability. As long as Verizon stays on the right track, the company should not have any issues presently and in the future. Reference Page Colander, D (2008).Economics, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York, New York, 10020 Verizon Wireless. (2009). Corporate History/investor relations. Retrieved June 26th, 2009 from www.verizon.com.