Expansion Analysis for BMW

Expansion Analysis for BMW 1. Prepare and implement a plan for the collection of primary and secondary data for assessing an area of business of your choice. a. Develop and use a questionnaire and justify its design for a particular purpose. 1.1 Research Topic General Area of interest: Expansion Diversification of Business. Specific sub area of interest: -BMWs expansion in car segment in Mumbai, India. More specific topic of interest: Which type of car segment should BMW expand their business in Mumbai, India. Research Topic BMWs expansion in particular car market segment. 1.1.1 Background BMW entered the Indian market in the year 2006 after their arch rival Mercedes-Benz. Both the German luxury car makers have the maximum market share in the luxury car market segment. Recently Audi has entered their market and is giving both the automobile companies a tough competition. BMW is able to overtake Mercedes-Benz in terms of sales and has been at the top of the luxury car market segment in India since the last four years. Audi is capturing the market segment rapidly with its new cars. So in order to remain at the top of the luxury car segment BMW as to react according to the change in trend and bring out new models to beat its competitors and block the entry of new competitors like Nissan, Porsche, Volkswagen, etc in their market segment. BMW has its sales subsidiary in Gurgaon, Delhi to develop its dealer network in India. BMW has established 14 dealers all over India. Mumbai is one of the largest cities of luxury car market segment in India. The SIAM (Society of Indian Automobile Manufactures) has reported that BMWs sales have grown by 12.76% to 1,020 units in July, 2009. The report also says that BMW has increased its sales by 43% to 3,000 units in 2010. BMW has future plans on increasing their dealership in eight more cities of India. BMWs management team can understand the taste of the Indian consumers based on the research conducted in Mumbai, India. Mumbai being the economic capital of India had the largest number of buyers of luxury cars in India. BMW had opened its first assembly center in Chennai in 2007 by seeing the potential growth in Indian market. BMW is really caution about its product launch in Indian markets because they just dont want to sell cars based on their brand value, but they wish to create better brand value by serving their customers with luxury cars with top of the line features, amazing performance and competing prices. BMW had surprised all its rivals by launching Rolls Royce cars in Indian market after studying the economic growth in India. But they still havent launched the cars of brand Mini because Indian customers are not ready for expensive small cars. BMW has always tried to make their cars on the basis of an idea of being practical and contemporary which has helped them succeed in luxury car segment in India. The firm has also made cars which are fuel efficient and eco-friendly (working on hybrid technology) has boosted their brand value and has helped them find many new customers. http://automobiles.mapsofindia.com/cars/bmw/ 1.1.2 Aim for the Research Project The aim for the research topic is to find out in which market segment should BMW make expansions (produce new models) in Mumbai. 1.1.3 Objectives The objectives for my research are to gather primary information for the research through Descriptive or Survey Research Design with the help of a questionnaire, secondary information via the staffs of the car companies and through companies sites, and conclude by research analysis and present it as a report to the BMWs management team. 1.2Research Leedy (1985) defines research as the manner in which we attempt to solve problems in a systematic effort to push back the frontiers of human ignorance or to confirm the validity of the solution to problems others have presumably resolved. 1.2.1 Research Design Research Design is defined as a framework or blueprint for conducting a marketing research project. It specifies the details of the procedure necessary for attaining the information needed to structure and/or solve marketing research problems. http://destinydawnmarie.blogspot.com/2007/05/research-design.html 1.2.2 Type of Research Design Chosen Descriptive or Survey Research Design is used for the research as it attempts to describe and explain conditions of the present by using many subjects and questionnaires to fully describe a phenomenon. Survey research design /survey methodology is one of the most popular for dissertation research. http://www.dissertation-statistics.com/research-designs.html 1.2.3 Primary Secondary Research The methods used for primary research is Descriptive or Survey Research Design method by which qualitative data is collected through questionnaires. The questionnaire is filled by 100 people visiting the showrooms of BMW, Audi Mercedes-Benz and the data collected is analyzed and a conclusion is made. The questionnaire is designed to know the preference of the type of car segment people prefer to buy. Secondary data is collected from the showroom managers, balance sheet of companies and from the companys site. Using both primary and secondary research a conclusion is drawn and presented in form of a report to the BMW management. 1.2.4 Network Diagram The network diagram is used to show how the market research is carried out and data is analyzed and generated into a report for the management of BMW. PD = Primary Data, SD = Secondary Data Diagram 1: Network Diagram 1.3.1 Questionnaire for Primary Research 1.3.2 Analysis of the Questionnaire The first question was asked to determine the ratio of gender of 100 people who had been a part of this survey. The result showed that out of the population of 100 the ratio of Men: Women were 7:3. The number of female who came to the showroom was 30 and the number of male was 70. Gender: Male = 70 People Female = 30 People Diagram 2: Gender The second question is a general question asked to check how much the Indian people prefer to drive their car. The data collected showed that 95% of the people prefer driving their cars and 5% of the people do not drive their cars. People who like driving their car (Yes) = 95  Ã‚   People who dont drive their car (No) = 5 Diagram 3: People Who Prefer Driving Their Car The third was based on how many cars each one owned who was surveyed. The data collected showed that 1 car was owned by 15 % people, 2 cars were owned by 10% people, 3 cars are owned by 25% people, 4 cars are owned by 10% people, 5 cars owned by 15% people, 6 cars owned by 15% people, 7 cars owned by 5% people, and 8 cars owned by 5% people. Number of cars owned: 1=15 people   2=10 people   3=25people   4=10 people   5=15 people   6=15 people   7=5 people   8= 5 people Diagram 4: Number of Cars Owned The fourth and fifth questions were asked to gather the information for the company to check the preference of what type of car the people who were surveyed preferred. The data collected was tabulated according to the age group. Age Group of People Surveyed and their Preference for the Type of Car Diagram 5: Preference of Type of Car of People of Different Age Group The sixth question was asked to see what price range the Indian customers prefer when they plan to buy a car. Price range of cars (00,000 Rupees) 20-40 = 25 people 40-60 = 40 people 60-80 = 25 people 80-100 = 10 people  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diagram 6: Price Range of cars (00,000 Rs) The data collected showed the price range preferred by the Indian customers. The data showed that 25% people preferred car in the range 20-40 (00,000 Rs.), 40% people preferred car in the range 40-60 (00,000 Rs.), 25% people preferred car in the range 60-80 (00,000 Rs.), and 10% people preferred car in the range 80-100 (00,000 Rs. This data is also essential as this will help the company to make cars according to the taste of their customers. 2. Create information for decision making by summarising data using representative values, and use the results to draw valid and useful conclusions in a business context. a. Analyse the data collected in Task 1 using measures of dispersion, and use to assess an area of business of your choice. b. Use quartiles, percentiles and correlation coefficient, and use these to draw useful conclusions in a business context. 2.1 Quartile, Quartile Range and Quartile Deviation a. Sedan Quartiles Nth Value = = 45 Q1 = Q2 =   Q3 = Quartile Range QR = Q3 Q1 = 39 18 = 21 years Quartile Deviation QD = = 10.5 years b. SUV Quartiles Nth Value = = 35 Q1 =   Q2 = Q3 = Quartile Range QR = Q3 Q1 = 47 32 = 15 years Quartile Deviation QD = = 7.5 years c. Sports Car Quartiles Nth Value = = 20 Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Quartile Range QR = Q3 Q1 = 38 18 = 20 years Quartile Deviation QD = = 10 years 2.2 Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation Coefficient of Correlation a. Sedan Mean = xÃÅ'†¦ = = = 35 Variance = = = 66.67 Standard Deviation = ÃŽ ´ = = = 8.16 Coefficient of Variation = = = 0.23 b. SUV Mean = xÃÅ'†¦ = = = 39.28 = 39 (approx.) Variance = = = 81.71 Standard Deviation = ÃŽ ´ = = = 9.04 Coefficient of Variation = = = 0.23 c. Sports Car Mean = xÃÅ'†¦ = = = 32.5 Variance = = = 78.75 Standard Deviation = ÃŽ ´ = = = 8.87 Coefficient of Variation = = = 0.27 2.3 Coefficient of Correlation of Pricing and Age Group Sedan Car Correlation Coefficient = r = r = r = r = = = 0.16625701 = 0.17 (approx.) SUV No. of People Age Group (X) Pricing Range (Y) XY X ² Y ² 1 21 35 735 441 1225 2 23 45 1035 529 2025 3 27 45 1215 729 2025 4 27 55 1485 729 3025 5 29 65 1885 841 4225 6 31 75 2325 961 5625 7 31 70 2170 961 4900 8 32 80 2560 1024 6400 9 32 85 2720 1024 7225 10 35 35 1225 1225 1225 11 35 45 1575 1225 2025 12 36 50 1800 1296 2500 13 36 60 2160 1296 3600 14 37 45 1665 1369 2025 15 37 55 2035 1369 3025 16 38 60 2280 1444 3600 17 38 60 2280 1444 3600 18 38 65 2470 1444 4225 19 39 40

Is Human Cloning Another Frankenstein? Essay -- Argumentative Persuasi

Is Human Cloning Another Frankenstein? Â   The creation of life by unnatural method is a question that Mary Shelley's Frankenstein addresses. Through the events that result from Victor's attempt to bestow life to the inanimate, Shelley concludes that it is inappropriate for man to play god. With the advent of the science of creation, cloning, scientists now face the same problem that Shelley raised years ago. The applications of such research are numerous, all varying in severity. In what way the users for cloning are developed and performed is of much debate. Unfortunately, there is no absolute answer for the issue. Â   A popular suggestion is to develop cloning technology for medical use on humans. The creation of animals for use at man's discretion, such as livestock for food, is an ancient and generally accepted practice. However, when creating a human clone, for its organs, can it be said that such an act is murder? Aldous Huxley illustrates another vision of cloning in Brave New World. The novel depicts people created from basic templates to fit in a given level of society. Should people have the ability to design the type of child they get? The implications of creating custom humans raise many moral problems. In Shelley's Frankenstein, the act of creation resulted in an abhorred being. Using cloning, there is the potentiality for someone to develop a genetically enhanced being for malicious purposes. The question of how to regulate potential uses and misuses of the aforementioned ideals is of much debate. Several acceptable answers have been suggested, but each has its own weaknesses and group of detractors. Â   As an answer to the moral questions that the advent of cloning has raised, several coun... ... will be formulated. Â   With the exploration of various solutions and issues that arise when dealing with these approaches to the moral dilemma faced, one can only conclude that the best solution is already being developed. The human race is not ready to control the formation of life, for there are too many potential abuses and no way to control them. A peremptory ban on human cloning research should not be necessary with the current level of cloning technology possessed. However, the strict limiting of which areas of this research are pursued, and who pursues the research is most critical. As new ideas appear confusion arises, and understanding of all aspects of the new ideas cause rise to necessary changes in society. The popular approval of the idea of human cloning is indispensable to the efforts of those who wish to advance the science of human cloning.

Account Receivable and Dealer Information System

Chapter 1 Introduction I- Project Context Andi’s Fashion Boutique is a small shop that sells Fashionable clothes and retail shop. The Andi’s Fashion Boutique located at Sitio Tampoco Barangay Matatalaib in Tarlac City. The Area of Andi’s Fashion Boutique was in a public place at the front of the Magic Star grocery in Matatalaib Based. It was also a lots of different Business located near the Andi’s Fashion Boutique like Drugstore, Beauty Salon and Food House. It was the only boutique in the area. The Andi’s Fashion Boutique started in year of 2010 at month of May. When the Business started, they only sell products of Sundance, Avon and Natasha. The business arises in one year, and earn some Capital, from that Capital they maintain and add different kinds of apparel until they selling Shoes, Bags, Cosmetic and became a distributor of Avon, Boardwalk, Natasha, Sundance, MSE, FX, Hang-ten, Tupper Ware and personal collection. The Andi’s Fashion Boutique came from the Names of a married couples namely Mary Anne Arciaga as registered business owner. Mary Anne Arciaga has the idea to be independent is business. He’s lovable husband named Dennis Marcelo was her business partner for the reason that they have the knowledge and idea to start a small business as well as their service of income. The company needs to standardize certain rules and regulation regarding business. How they wished they could manage every single task a company must do for the sake of their dues business became complicated with large number of works to monitor on sales, collection, reports, and accounts. Such problem affected the company’s customer service commitments and caused low productivity and profit levels. The need to increase manpower certainly will affect income and complicate the company’s operation. Updating reports have wasted time and effort with the use of personnel’s operation. The Company’s need to keep certain information about dealers they must monitor due and overdue accounts and minimize payments delinquencies in order to maintain good customer service and management to personnel relationship. The delays incurred by the company in processing overdue accounts in the conventional way affecting accomplishment of other task like concentrating on increased production. Computers have been around for many decades, but few companies realize what computers are capable of doing. The only things they know about computers is that, they can store and retrieve data on its faster than a secretary can. They never realize that it can perform a lot of things more than savings and open files. They never knew what with it; they could develop a system exclusive for a certain task and may be customized in accordance to their preferences. With these in mind, the company indeed needs a totally reliable computerized system to backup its personnel in order to facilitate smooth flow of transaction faster than they may ever imagined and capable of performing delicate task. A system greatly diminishes delays in monitoring company progress An Account Receivable system to specify. II- Purpose and Description The company needs to develop their transaction processing system, when it comes to their accounts receivable how they wish they could manage every single task a company must do for the sake of their dues business became complicated with large number of works to monitor on sales, collection, reports, and accounts, such problems affected the company’s customer service commitments and caused low, productivity and profit levels. The need to increase manpower certainly will affect income and complicate the company’s operation. The company’s need to keep creation information about dealers they must monitor due and overdue accounts and minimize payments delinquencies in order to maintain good customer service and management to personal relationship. The delay incurred by the company in processing overdue account in the conventional way affecting accomplishment of other task like concentrating on increase production. Computers nowadays have been around for many decades, but few companies realize what computers are capable of doing the only things they never realize that it can perform a lot of things more than saving and opening files. They never know what with it; they could develop a system exclusive. With these in mind the company indeed needs a totally reliable computerized Accounts Receivable System in order to facilitate smooth flow of transaction faster that they may ever imagine and capable to performing delicate task. A system gently diminishes delays in monitoring company progress and Accounts Receivable System to specify. III- Objectives The study aim to provide a system concerning the company problem regarding preparation of on Account Receivable, reducing in collectible accounts, which in turn minimize company losses Moreover, it specifically aims to: 1. 1 Implement a system that can help minimize bad debts or uncollectible accounts considered as losses for the company. 1. 2 Provide a system that will generate reports in a timely manner. . 3 Implement a system that can analyze aspiring dealers and helps decision making of initial credit limit. 1. 4 Implement an Accounts Receivable System that can monitor user login for security purpose. IV- Scope and Delimitations The proposed system is concentrated on the account receivable processing of Andi’s fashion boutique. It will provide automatic computation for rebates, penalties, credits and balances; also it will automatically update due dat es and overdue, and it can generate reports in a timely manner. The proposed system will not cover the Inventory, Accounts Payable, Sales cover, Sales information, and Networking setup for networking purposes. Chapter 2 Related Studies and Literature This chapter presents a brief overview of related literature and studies, and information from electronic resources that were gathered by the researcher that found relevant of this study. After some reading made by the researchers, the following literature and related studies were found related to the study. 2. 1 Related Studies Every business will have an entry on its balance sheet labeled ‘accounts receivable’. This entry is the sum of money owed to the business by individuals or other businesses in return for goods or services supplied. On the whole, in the retail sector, the financial transaction is completed at the point of purchase and accounts receivable are not created. There are exceptions to this general rule, of course. However, in the business world it is usual to extend credit to customers – and it is these credit accounts that form the basis of the accounts receivable figure shown on the balance sheet for the supplier. Credit terms should be clearly defined so both customer and supplier can budget and comply but it is when these credit terms are exceeded by customers that the accounts receivable turn into bad debts and problems arise. Aging receivables are great consumers of resource. They steal time away from other functions, as telephone calls need to be made and letters written to chase payment. They can destroy the supplying company’s credit rating if it becomes unable to meet its own financial obligations because of a lack of positive cash flow caused by aging receivables. The best possible way to avoid problems with debtors is to have clear credit control policies in place. Checks need to be made on potential clients before credit is extended and debts need to be chased, politely but persistently, before they become bad debts. In many cases these two simple actions can minimize the potential for bad debt problems. Despite the best efforts of the most rigorous of credit controllers, there will always be the persistent late or nonpayer’s non payers hem stronger tactics are needed. This is where a relationship with one of the account receivable collection companies comes in useful. West Asset Management offers collection services for both commercial and consumer debts. Working with account receivable collection companies is viewed in different ways by different organizations. For some it is the first step in the credit enforcement process. These businesses take a no-nonsense approach to collections and will send in what are effectively the Big Guns straight away. Others will not engage professional collection services until they have exhausted all possibilities of collecting the outstanding debt with their own resources. The services of a debt collection agency are usually required to extract funds from those who have never had any intention of paying for the goods and services they have received. In the cases of a genuine inability to pay, utilizing such tactics tends to be self-defeating and the likelihood of a successful conclusion to such cases is increased if things can remain amicable. There can be reluctance on the part of organizations to call in collection services for a commercial debt as this action usual ends the trading relationship for good. But, in truth, a non-paying trading relationship really is not worth having. Reputable collection services act within the law governing debt collection. They are persistent and determined to retrieve funds for their clients and manage to achieve this whilst leaving their client’s reputation intact A connotation of quality control of accounts receivable Quality refers to the accounts receivable into the quality of the currency that is a manifestation of accounts receivable liquidity. Quality monitoring accounts receivable, accounts receivable are the right company to evaluate the quality of control, so that their accounts receivable maintained at a reasonable level, which for the enterprises to expand business scale, increase sales and market share have great facilitating role. Monitoring the quality of the implementation of accounts receivable and establish a sound internal control system that is able to monitor and restrict scientific and effective accounts receivable in all aspects so as to ensure full and timely recovery of accounts receivable. Quality control of the content of accounts receivable, including credit policy formulation, the occurrence of credit, collections, risk early warning and other. Accounts Receivable Establishment of Quality Control System   1. 1 The accounts receivable system for quality control of the organization     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. 1. 1 Production Department to continuously carry out product, competitive advantage to produce products on the market for sales departments to pursue the initiative. In order to build their products a competitive advantage, the production sector in the technical specifications, design, performance, use, etc. to make vigorous efforts to make the company's products over other similar products on the market is more advanced and economy, so as to better to meet customer needs. 1. 1. 2 Sales General sales to go through to accept customer orders for credit approval of credit, according to sales of single-supply, according to sales of a single shipment of goods to the customer billing record to accept customer orders, recording sales and recovery of such processes. The one hand, sales to the corporate credit department to ensure that a reasonable solutions to meet customer demand, the other hand, the internal assessment mechanism should be established to change the past, a single evaluation method, so that recovery of accounts receivable as sales assessment is an important indicator, so that to complete the sale of receivables and personal income tied up, and personal income-related, strengthen, awareness. 1. 1. 3 Credit department Credit management department sales department and finance department of the bridge, its basic functions include the establishment of customer credit files, managing customer credit, conduct  analysis, customer’s credit limit, the implementation of accounts receivable supervision. 1. 1. 4 Financial sector is mainly responsible for the daily management of accounts receivable, accounts receivable ledger by customer set up, establish accounts receivable on a regular basis reporting system to form a regular basis with the occasional reconciliation system. Finance Department to change after the account of the situation, change from passive to active, full play to their accounting and oversight functions; and accountants should strengthen vocational study to understand the operation of the enterprise business processes. The management of the company set the appropriate service control points. department should take the initiative to communicate with the business sector, an accurate picture of the situation and then carry out the accounting and ensure accounts are, for the accounts receivable management. 1. . 5 audit department Audit departments in the accounts receivable management, the supervisory role is mainly reflected in two aspects: first is to continuously improve the monitoring system to improve the accounts receivable control system; the second is to check the accounts receivable monitoring implementation of the system to check whether the abnormal phenomenon of accounts receivable, with or without a significant error, negligen ce, internal fraud, intentionally fails to recover the accounts and so on, to ensure the recovery of accounts receivable. . 2 The accounts receivable system of quality control methods     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. 2. 1 Quantitative Methods Primarily used for quality control of accounts receivable. These indicators include: solvency indicators, operational capacity indicators, profitability indicators, cash flow targets. The use of these indicators, companies can monitor the  situation, to understand and monitor the quality of accounts receivable. 2. 2. 2 Non-quantitative methods Accounts receivable of non-quantitative method of quality control is mainly the work of law PDCA cycle. PDCA cycle in accordance with  methods of the overall management of accounts receivable should be controlled in advance (Plan), to control the things (Do), after the control (Check) and feedback control (Action) 4 links to dynamically conduct accounts receivable management, and comprehensively improve the quality of accounts receivable management. 2. 2 Related Literature The following section present the different studies and actual application related to the research project being conducted by the researchers. Various innovations have been in existence, all for getting along with the trends of modern technology as a viable means to increase profit and to improve customer service. 2. 2. 1 Foreign studies Accounts Receivable System Published: 2010. 03. 04 As the central financial receivable system for the campus, Billing and Accounts Receivable (BAR) is available to all departments that have accounts in the UCLA accounting system. (BAR)Billing and Accounts Receivable allows campus departments to post charges for services or merchandise provided to both student and non-student customers. All charges and related payments are recorded in the BAR system, and BAR performs the accounting for all transactions using the accrual accounting method. Payments are applied to delinquent fees and collection cost charges first, then to the oldest unpaid charge. Student BAR Bills Students receive a monthly BAR bill, which is a statement of account that provides charge and payment details posted to their account during the prior month. Charges include the quarterly registration fee assessments and various other charges such as Instructional Enhancement Initiative (IEI) fees, residence hall telephone usage, College Library Instructional Computing Commons (CLICC) charges, and Student Health charges among others. Student statements are presented electronically as a bill online through the University Records System Access (URSA). In addition to fees, BAR reflects credits posted to a student's account, such as financial aid, waivers, and cash, credit card payments. Non-Student BAR Bills Non-students receive a paper invoice each month. The BAR invoice provides charge and payment detail posted to their account during the prior month. Charges represent services rendered or merchandise provided on credit. BAR does not provide non-students with an electronic version of the invoice Performance evaluation and ratio analysis of Pharmaceutical Company in Bangladesh University essay from Hogskolan Vast/Institutionen for ekonomi och informatik; Hogskolan Vast/Institutionen for ekonomi och informatik Author: Hossan Faruk, Ahsan Habib [2010] The thesis applies performance evaluation of pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh. It means evaluate how well the company performs. The main aim is achieved through ratio analysis of two pharmaceutical (Beximco and Square pharmaceutical) companies in Bangladesh. The main data collection from the annual financial reports on Beximco and square pharmaceutical companies in 2007 to 2008. Different financial ratio are evaluated such liquidity ratios, asset management ratios, profitability ratios, market value ratios, debt management ratios and finally measure the best performance between two companies. The mathematical calculation was establish for ratio analysis between two companies from 2007-2008. It is most important factors for performance evaluation. The graphical analysis and comparisons are applies between two companies for measurement of all types of financial ratio analysis. Liquidity ratio is conveying the ability to repay short-term creditors and it total cash. It determines perform of short term creditor of both pharmaceutical companies under the three categories such as current ratio, quick ratio and cash ratio. Asset management ratio is measurement how to effectively a company to use and controls its assets. It’s also quantify into seven categories for both pharmaceutical companies such as account receivable turnover, average collection period, inventory turnover, account payable turnover ,account payable turnover in days ,fixed asset turnover ,total asset turnover. Profitability ratio is evaluate how well a company is performing by analyzing and how profit was earned relative to sales, total assets and net worth for both pharmaceutical companies. Debt coverage ratio is performing that the property insufficient to collect their mortgage for both companies and market value is perform the stockholder to analysis their future market value of the stock market. Overall analyses are measurement the best one between Beximco and Square pharmaceutical companies. Relationship between the profitability and working capital policy of Swedish companies University essay from Umea universitet/Handelshogskolan vid Umea universitet; Umea universitet/Handelshogskolan vid Umea universitet Author: Ali Wajahat, Syed Hammad Ul Hassan {2010} Over the years there has been a big debate on the effect of working capital policy on the profitability. Few researchers argue that working capital is just an idle resource with high cost and low benefit associated with it so, companies should follow zero working capital policy but such a policy is very risky because it reduces the liquidity and it might leads to a default. Other researchers support companies to have a working capital policy because they believe that proper management of components of working capital can balance cost and benefits of the company and it will reduce the risk of default by raising the level of liquidity. Companies can choose among three different types of working capital. aggressive, conservative and moderate but their choice depends on their desire level of liquidity and risk. Researchers realize the importance of the topic and lot of research has been carried out all over the world especially in developing countries like Pakistan, India, and Taiwan. Despite the importance of topic we were unable to find any research carried out in Sweden or in any other Scandinavian country. So, this study is conducted with the purpose to explore the relationship between working capital policy and profitability of Swedish firms. Furthermore this study also investigates the nature of relationship between working capital policy and component of cash conversion cycle. For the purpose of our study we used the sample of 37 listed companies in the OMX Stockholm stock exchange over the period of five years (2004-2008). The study has been conducted in a natural environment and it follows the explanatory research strategy. Moreover it is a quantitative study which follows the deductive approach and it is longitudinal in nature. We used GOP as a measure to profitability and CCC is used as a gauge to measure the aggressiveness of working capital policy. We used the secondary data, which has been extracted from the annual financial reports of the companies, to calculate the GOP, financial debt, firm size, fixed financial asset, component of CCC and CCC. In this study, six regressions were run on 185 observations in SPSS software. In each regression analysis dependent variable (GOP), independent variable firm size, financial debt ratio, and fixed financial asset ratio remains the same but independent variable CCCS, CCCA, CCCD, day’s inventory held, days account receivable and days account payable replace each other. The reason for this replacement of independent variables is to find out that how CCC and component of CCC affects the GOP. The result of regression analysis shows that managers can’t change the level of profitability by adopting any of the working capital policy i. e. there exist no relationship between working capital policy and profitability. Furthermore profitability is directly associated with days inventory held and days account payable but it is in inverse relation with days account receivables. 2. 2. 2 Local studies Notably, student information system or SIS incurs such application software designed for educational establishments to manage student data. Student information systems provide capabilities for entering student test and other assessment scores, building student schedules, tracking student attendance as well as managing many other student-related data needs within the institution university. Thus, many of these systems applied in the Philippines can be scaled to different levels of activity and can be configured by their home institutions to meet local needs. Moreover, before universities have created their own bespoke student record systems, but with growing complexity in the business of educational establishments, organizations now choose to buy customizable within the shelf software. It can be that, modern student information systems are usually server-based, with the application residing on central computer erver and are being accessed by client applications at various places within and even outside the school. During the year 1990s, student information systems have been changing and are fast adopted through the presence of a web medium as a channel for accessing SIS without any hassle upon viewing student details and information. Ideally, educational institutions are under constant pressure to demonstrate both willingness and capacity to incorporate the latest devel opments in student information systems along with communications technology supporting various teaching ways. As Liao et al. , (2007) asserts that SIS process within such technological sophistication does create precise knowledge edge, that such SIS application can be appealing to students and to the academic faculty as well as the parents. Thus, believing that technology is the repository of the bulk of the information that underpins society’s major enterprises and concerns and the medium of communication through which SIS interact with one another. Furthermore, SIS is transforming educational tactics understandings and school practices in relation to system information and to be able to assist better communication ground through SIS execution, as found within the heart of learning mechanisms (Liao et al. , 2007). SIS as of today is changing what people is learning upon such as with the burgeoning of the Internet, the control exercised in the past by the Philippines from various departments of education and by individual teachers over pedagogical content may have diminished significantly. Through this new informative medium, resources of varying quality and provenance on virtually diverse subject matter are now available to the students. The amount of material available from unaccredited sources is cause of considerable concern to many educators, brought up them into a more integrated student information system such as those found and applied in the University of the Philippines as well as those within the grounds of Ateneo Integrated school wherein SIS processes of were truly understood and realized by the institutions’ education system. Even within academic disciplines there has already been a shift in the importance accorded to the traditional forms of published knowledge, refereed and refined through well accepted but often painfully attenuated process. In such cases there has been movement towards the more rapid electronic dissemination of findings and opinions albeit in a less polished form, depending more on the judgment of the individual reader han on the processes of SIS effectiveness as implied for validation and verification of student resources (Fyffe and Walter, 2005)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The strong implication for education is that skills in effective online searching should occupy more value and more important place within the education curriculum at all levels wherein the adaptation of SIS is most valued for academe effectiveness. From the perspective of the individual student, SIS incorporates enormously increased potential for representing and manipulating information in range of structured education paradigms and strategic study forms as appropriate for a justifiable application of diverse learning styles. Furthermore, the student information systems do provides greater range of ways through which learners can express their knowledge, including the publication of multimedia presentations to the world at large through the Internet. Aside, some of the information system know-how needs that certain students must grapple with inclusion to discovering how to complete comprehensive reviews of the such research studies, learning how to evaluate sources within the context of their projects, and properly citing and including these sources within their theses or dissertations (Perrett, 2004). Then, because the SIS process is typically completed early into students’ school career and encapsulates each of the facets of knowledge built up and literacy value, including learning what type of SIS is available, finding and accessing system sequence, evaluating tools for the information and then synthesizing the student information system into certain end product for a better career patterns as it seemed like the ideal project to focus SIS and relate it to ample literacy instruction around. While the students had all performed database searches before, they were less likely to have taken advantage of the search management tools available to them through educational databases, how to set up automatic searches to help streamline the research process (Fyffe and Walter, 2005). Like for example, there discusses the benefits of using such bibliographic management software system in order to help illustrate more sophisticated ways of organizing their research. Before the students came to the workshop, they were asked them to fill out brief pre-assessment surveys designed to provide acceptable profile details including their year in school, whether or not they were pursuing their college degree and possible departmental affiliation. Thus, pointing towards SIS within the knowledge of education services as utilized that include databases used and whether or not students were familiar with curriculum software packages (Perrett, 2004). Truly, it is crucial for the advancement of informative research within composed disciplines and the continued successful integration of SIS as applied in the Philippine setting with resources to higher education systems determining that certain group of students can acquire and gain effective knowledge literacy skills through the SIS process and understanding the value of education services crafted to provide best teachings as possible (Belle and Boote, 2004). Then, for SIS assumption, there is a need to engage students with academic assessment such as upon helping students start thinking about what they would like to learn with regards to a better research investigation and knowing what the gaps in students’ understanding might be. Also, encourage the use of SIS in parallel to active learning style which allows students to interact with their classmates and does help the instructor facilitate an enhanced learning experience through SIS application mode and to finally emphasize the value of making   student information connection with a subject teacher for instance geared upon for in-depth education success (Ewald, 2006). (2001) pointed out that the Philippines employed a unique strategy in carrying out the work in audiovisual (AV) archiving. In the absence of an operational AV archives in the country, most of the activities of institutions with AV archive holdings such as the Philippine Information Agency, the UP Film Center, the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Mowelfund, etc. , are informally being coordinated by a professional body composed of â€Å"archivists† working in the different institutions involved in archiving. It should be noted though that during the early 1980’s, the Philippines had a national film archive that was fully operational in the real sense of the word. After the 1986 Edsa Revolution, the archive received the least priority and was transferred to the Censors Body. No archiving activity was carried out by this unit since then. The various tasks involved in AV archiving rested on the shoulders of related agencies, not by their own chose but by necessity required of their work. AV archiving activities were separately being undertaken. The turning point came when the Cultural Center of the Philippines, which wanted to organize a Lino Brocka Retrospective, discovered that many of the Brocka films, particularly those hat were significant, were already destroyed. Some of the surviving prints were brought to the Philippine Information Agency for restoration. With no previous experience on cases of this nature, PIA had to turn to other agencies for materials that could be used as reference for the work. The UP Film Center, with its contacts with international organizations and as a recipient of several fellowship awards from UNESCO, provided PIA a copy of the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) Manual. This was the first inter-institutional contact in the country that proved to be significant as it eventually led to a formal partnership among the archivists from these institutions in what was to become later as the Society of Film Archivists (SOFIA). The Society of Film Archivists (SOFIA) was formally organized in July, 1993 out of need and in compliance with the recommendation of the ASEAN Planning Workshop Meeting on Film Retrieval, Restoration and Archiving, which the Philippines organized in February, 1996. SOFIA’s membership is made up of individual AV archivists working in cultural organizations, information agencies, broadcasting and academic institutions, film production companies, and film critics. The role of SOFIA in the development of the AV archiving profession in the country is one that has been evolving over time. At the beginning, SOFIA served as a venue for exchanging knowledge and skills. As such, the kinds of projects undertaken during this stage were mostly training programs. Later, SOFIA became an informal coordinating body for activities undertaken by the different institutions involved in archiving. These projects were implemented by institutions as part of their in-house programs and according to what these institutions can do best. This enabled the different institutions to avoid duplication of efforts and therefore saved on scarce national resources. Presently, SOFIA’s role has evolved into that of a mobilize and an advocate for the setting up of a central body that would formally be recognized by the government and supported by the public sector. The effectiveness of this model in the Philippines could be better appreciated in the context of the prevailing situation operating at the time SOFIA was born and the commitment of the members to pursue the work. Prevailing conditions that were considered important that helped bring about the results were the following: a) a clear vision of what was needed. These involved knowing where we were, where we want to go and how to get there; b) the emergence of a Steering Group at the initial stage. This role was assumed by the Philippine Information Agency. Through its work requirement and involvement in ASEAN, PIA initiated projects on the national and regional levels that brought critical agencies together, identified local partners such as the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the UP Film Center, etc. , to assist in implementing the program, and identify succeeding steps to build on previous accomplishments; c) empowerment of the identified partners. This involved getting the partners committed to assume the responsibility of carrying out the work when the agencies involved in AV archiving decided to bond together through SOFIA and initiated and sustained programs and projects for AV archiving as a group or individually in coordination with each other, empowerment of the identified partners had set in; and d) utilization of advocacy techniques that were found effective. Apart from the traditional tools for promotion such as the media, SOFIA used techniques such as requesting the President of the Republic of the Philippines to issue an executive order declaring a week in a year as AV Archiving Week, among others. Organizing international conferences also helped generate interest on the issues. Chapter 3 Methods of Research oing this research is kind of like being a treasure-hunter, researching out clues here and there that finally leads to the treasure –the needed to information. This chapter presents the different research methods, which will be use to design and develop the system. The nature of the research problem and the purpose of the study help determine the research methods to be used. It shows the different data gathering techniques to supplement the research methods. 3. 1 Research Method The research methods that could be used in developing the Account Receivable and Dealer Information System may vary from one study to another because of the integration of hardware materials and programming skills. To achieve the desired and necessary output, research models and methods must carefully design. This helps conceive and practically analyze how the project will look like. In some aspects, combination of various methods could be made in order to grasp the purpose of the study. 3. 1. 1 Descripted Method

Analysis Of James Baldwin s The Great Gatsby - 913 Words

When individuals’ hold hatred in their minds, they will be more aggressive to others, especially to the higher level authority. In James Baldwin’s story, he is not happy with the white people’s power. He is full of the hatred. When he purposely went to the â€Å"non-colour† restaurant, he tries to challenge the higher levels. Baldwin writes, â€Å"I pretended not to have understood her, hoping to draw her closer †¦ I realized that she would never come any closer and that I would have to strike from a distance.† He wants to know why the whites are the stronger group, why the whites can destroy his hopes. However, when he found out the whites are weaker than him but still having more powers, he turns his hatred into violence. Baldwin writes, â€Å"I picked this up and hurled it with all my strength at her. She ducked and it missed her and shattered against the mirror behind the bar.† He is angry and being violence, and those violence comes out from his hates. When people looking down on him, his despairs bitterness and hatred make him want to get the respects from the higher authority. He was waiting for â€Å"the higher authority† to throw him out, but the reality makes him even more upset. Relating to the cops in the Freddie Gray, the reason of their aggressiveness is also about getting respects. The policemen who worked at inner city will afraid of local community. Those policemen has despair and bitterness inside of them, because they can be in dangerous by just going to the work. They work atShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Baldwin s The Great Gatsby 1245 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent. While we expect whites in America to be openly racial and degrading towards African-Americans, it was eye opening to have a European view like the one described by James Baldwin. After reading over the essays multiple times I have constructed a type of main focus for each essay and also a thesis of my own. I believe tha t James Baldwin’s main focus was â€Å"People are trapped in history, and history is trapped in them.† (pg. 2). On the other hand I believe that Fredrick Douglas was trying to convey